Ventajas y barreras en la creación del sistema de inteligencia turística en los destinos turísticos inteligentes

  1. Villar-García, Mario 1
  2. Pereira-Moliner, Jorge 1
  1. 1 Universitat d'Alacant
    info

    Universitat d'Alacant

    Alicante, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05t8bcz72

Zeitschrift:
Cuadernos de turismo

ISSN: 1139-7861

Datum der Publikation: 2024

Titel der Ausgabe: Enero - Junio

Nummer: 53

Seiten: 133-156

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.6018/TURISMO.616421 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Andere Publikationen in: Cuadernos de turismo

Zusammenfassung

Este trabajo destaca la importancia de implantar un Sistema de Inteligencia Turística en destinos y los resultados muestran sus ventajas (mejora en la toma de decisiones y la experiencia del turista) y barreas (necesidad de recursos y resistencia al cambio de los agentes). Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 15 expertos de España e internacionales. Este estudio contribuye en el avance de la inteligencia turística, orienta su implantación y es pionero en su aplicación práctica para mejorar la gestión turística.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • AENOR (2016): «Gestionar el modelo de Destino Turístico Inteligente», Revista AENOR, pp. 10-15.
  • AHANI, A., NILASHI, M., IBRAHIM, O., SANZOGNI, L. y WEAVEN, S. (2019): «Market segmentation and travel choice prediction in Spa hotels through TripAdvisor’s online reviews», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 80, pp. 52-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.003
  • ALMOBAIDEEN, W., KRAYSHAN, R., ALLAN, M. y SAADEH, M. (2017): «Internet of things: geographical routing based on healthcare centers vicinity for mobile smart tourism destination», Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 123, pp. 342-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.04.016
  • ANDRONIE, M., LĂZĂROIU, G., IATAGAN, M., HURLOIU, I., ȘTEFĂNESCU, R., DIJMĂRESCU, A. y DIJMĂRESCU, I. (2023): «Big Data management algorithms, deep learning-based object detection technologies, and geospatial simulation and sensor fusion tools in the internet of robotic things», ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, vol, 12 (2), p. 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12020035
  • ARDITO, L., CERCHIONE, R., DEL VECCHIO, P. y RAGUSEO, E. (2019): «Big data in smart tourism: challenges, issues and opportunities», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 22 (15), pp. 1.805-1809. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1612860
  • AZMI, E., CHE ROSE, R.A., AWANG, A. y ABAS, A. (2023): «Innovative and competitive: a systematic literature review on new tourism destinations and products for tourism supply», Sustainability, vol. 15 (2), p. 1187. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021187
  • BERENGUER, A., FERNÁNDEZ ROS, D.F., GÓMEZ-OLIVA, A., IVARS-BAIDAL, J.A., JARA, A.J., LABORDA, J., MAZÓN, J.N. y PERLES, A. (2022): «Crowd monitoring in smart destinations Based on GDPR-Ready opportunistic RF scanning and classification of WiFi devices to identify and classify visitors», Origins. Electronics, vol. 11 (6), p. 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11060835
  • BHARADIYA, J.P. (2023): «Machine learning and AI in business intelligence: Trends and opportunities», International Journal of Computer, vol. 48 (1), pp. 123-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20230701.14
  • BIRENBOIM, A., ANTON CLAVÉ, S., GANZAROLI, A., BORNIOLI, A., VERMEULEN, S., ZUCKERMAN FARKASH, M., PASTOR ALCARAZ, A. e IVARS BAIDAL, J.A. (2022): «Touristification, smartization, and social sustainability in European regions», Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 26 (3), pp. 353-357. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2051449
  • BOES, K., BUHALIS, D. e INVERSINI, A. (2015): «Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions», en TUSSYADIAH, I. e INVERSINI, A. (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015 (Proceedings of the International Conference in Lugano, Switzerland, February 3-6). Berlin-Heidelberg Springer, pp. 391-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_29
  • BOTTI, A. y MONDA, A. (2023): «Big Data and Its Impact on Tourism and Entrepreneurship», en VISVIZI, A., TROISI, O. y GRIMALDI, M. (Eds.) Big Data and decision-making: applications and uses in the public and private sector (Emerald Studies in Politics and Technology), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-551-920231008
  • BUONINCONTRI, P. y MICERA, R. (2016): «The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations», Information Technology and Tourism, vol. 16 (3), pp. 285-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-016-0060-5
  • CACHO, A. FIGUEREDO, M., CASSIO, A., ARAUJO, M. V., MENDES, L., LUCAS, J., FARIAS, F., COELHO, J., CACHO, N. y PROLO, C. (2016): «Social Smart Destination: A Platform to Analyze User Generated Content in Smart Tourism Destinations», en ROCHA, Á., CORREIA, A., ADELI, H., REIS, L. y MENDONÇA TEIXEIRA, M. (Eds.) New Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, pp. 817-826.
  • CARIPUNA, L.A., DE MORAES, M.C., FIGUEROA, P.R., PONTES, A.N. y DE PAULA, M.T. (2023): «Destino turístico inteligente e sustentabilidade: revisão bibliográfica», Peer Review, vol. 5 (12), pp. 99-118. https://doi.org/10.53660/576.prw2021
  • CASADO SALGUERO, G., FERNÁNDEZ GÁMEZ, M.A., ALDEANUEVA FERNÁNDEZ, I. y RUÍZ PALOMO, D. (2019): «Competitive intelligence and sustainable competitive advantage in the hotel industry», Sustainability, vol. 11 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061597
  • COOPER, C., FLETCHER, J., FYALL, A., GILBERT, D. y WANHILL, S. (2007): El turismo: Teoría y práctica. Madrid, Editorial Síntesis.
  • DE LIMA FIGUEIREDO, N., FERNANDES, C.I. y ABRANTES, J.L. (2023): «Triple Helix Model: Cooperation in Knowledge Creation», vol. 14, pp. 854–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00930-1
  • DEL VECCHIO, P., MELE, G., NDOU, V. y SECUNDO, G. (2018): «Creating value from social big data: implications for smart tourism destinations», Information Processing and Management, vol. 54, pp. 847-860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2017.10.006
  • DOLNICAR, S., GRÜN, B. y LEISCH F (2018): Market segmentation analysis: understanding it, doing it, and making it useful. New York, Springer.
  • DOLNICAR, S. (2020): Market segmentation for e-tourism. Handbook of e-tourism. pp. 1-15.
  • DOS SANTOS JÚNIOR, A., MENDES FILHO, L., ALMEIDA GARCÍA, F. y SIMOES, J.M.M. (2017): «Smart tourism destinations: A study based on the view of the stakeholders», Revista Turismo en Análise, vol. 28 (3), pp. 358-379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208445
  • DUFFY, R. (2014): «Interactive elephants: Nature, tourism and neoliberalism», Annals of Tourism Research, vol 44, pp. 88-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.003
  • ERRICHIELLO, L. y MICERA, R. (2021): «A process-based perspective of smart tourism destination governance», European Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 29, pp. 2909-2909. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-511-020211025
  • ERL, T., COPE, R. y NASERPOUR, A. (2015): Cloud computing design patterns. Prentice Hall Press.
  • FAJARDO, V.C. (2020): «Turismo dark: la muerte como nuevo negocio turístico en España», Revista Internacional de Turismo, Empresa y Territorio. Riturem, vol. 4 (2), pp. 1-35. https://doi.org/10.21071/riturem.v4i2.12865
  • FONT, X., TORRES-DELGADO, A., CRABOLU, G., PALOMO MARTINEZ, J., KANTENBACHER, J. y MILLER, G. (2023): «The impact of sustainable tourism indicators on destination competitiveness: The European Tourism Indicator System», Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol 31(7), pp. 1.608-1.630. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1910281
  • FOSSO WAMBA, S., AKTER, S., EDWARDS, A., CHOPIN, G. y GNANZOU, D. (2015): «How big data can make big impact: findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study», International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 165, pp. 234-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2014.12.031
  • GARCÍA-MADURGA, M.A., GRILLÓ-MÉNDEZ, A.J. y ESTEBAN-NAVARRO, M.A. (2020): «Territorial intelligence, a collective challenge for sustainable development: A scoping review», Social Sciences, vol. 9 (7), p. 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9070126
  • GIFFINGER, R., FERTNER, C., KRAMAR, H., y MEIJERS, E. (2007): «City-ranking of European medium-sized cities. Cent», Reg. Sci. Vienna UT, pp. 1-12.
  • GOOGLE. (2014): «The 2014 Traveler’s Road to Decision», Retrieved from Google: https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/consumer-insights/consumer-trends/2014-travelers-road-to-decision/
  • GRETZEL, U. (2022): «The Smart DMO: A new step in the digital transformation of destination management organizations», European Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 30, pp. 3.002-3002. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v30i.2589
  • GUNTER, U. y ÖNDER, I. (2016): «Forecasting city arrivals with Google Analytics», Annals of Tourism Research, vol 61, pp. 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.007
  • HAMID, R.A., ALBAHRI, A.S., ALWAN, J.K., AL-QAYSI, Z.T., ALBAHRI, O.S., ZAIDAN, A. A., ALNOOR, A., ALAMOODI, A.H. y ZAIDAN, B.B. (2021): «How smart is e-tourism? A systematic review of smart tourism recommendation system applying data management», Computer Science Review, vol. 39, pp. 100337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2020.100337
  • HEIN, A., ENGERT, M., RYU, S., SCHAFFER, N., HERMES, S. y KRCMAR, H. (2023): «Building open government data platform ecosystems: A dynamic development approach that engages users from the start. Government Information Quarterly», Government Information Quarterly, vol. 40 (4), pp. 101878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101878
  • HERNANDIS, M. (2022, 10 junio): «Reyes Maroto sitúa el Centro de Inteligencia Turística de Benidorm para 2023», El Español. https://www.elespanol.com/alicante/economia/turismo/20220610/reyes-maroto-situa-centro-inteligencia-turistica-benidorm/679182470_0.html
  • HONG, Q.N., PLUYE, P., FÀBREGUES, S., BARTLETT, G., BOARDMAN, F., CARGO, M., DAGENAIS, P., GAGNON, M.-P-, GRIFFITHS, F., NICOLAU, B., O’CATHAIN, A., ROUSSEAU, M.-C., VEDEL, I. y PLUYE, P. (2018): «Mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers», Education for Information, vol. 34 (4), pp. 258-291. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-180221
  • HU, M., LI, H., SONG, H., LI, X. y LAW, R. (2022): «Tourism demand forecasting using tourist generated online review data», Tourism Management, vol. 90, Article 1044 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104490
  • INVAT·TUR. (diciembre, 2023): «Reglamento Red DTI-CV», consultado: 17/12/21, disponible en: Reglamento Red DTI-CV (invattur.es)
  • INVAT·TUR. (diciembre, 2023): «Ventana de oportunidad», consultado: 17/12/23, disponible en: https://invattur.es/ventana-de-oportunidad-en.marketing.html
  • IVARS-BAIDAL, J.A, CASADO-DÍAZ, A.B., NAVARRO-RUIZ, S. y FUSTER-UGUET, M. (2024): «Smart tourism city governance: exploring the impact on stakeholder networks», International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 36 (2), pp. 582-601. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0322
  • IVARS, J.A., MONZONÍS, F.J.S. y SÁNCHEZ, D.G. (2016): «Gestión turística y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC): El nuevo enfoque de los destinos inteligentes», Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, vol. 62 (2), pp. 327-346. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.285
  • IVARS, J.A., CELDRAN-BERNABEU, M.A., MAZON, J.N. y PERLES-IVARS, A.F. (2017): «Smart destinations and the evolution of ICTs: a new scenario for destination management? », Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 22 (13), pp. 1.581-1.600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1388771
  • IVARS, J.A., CELDRÁN-BERNABÉU, M.A., FEMENIA-SERRA, F., PERLES-RIBES, J.F. y GINER-SÁNCHEZ, D. (2021): «Measuring the progress of smart destinations: The use of indicators as a management tool», Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, vol. 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100531
  • KHAN, M.A., UDDIN, M.F. y GUPTA, N. (2014): «Seven V’s of big data understanding big data to extract value», Proceedings of 2014 Zone 1 Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE Zone 1) https://doi.org/10.1109/ASEEZone1.2014.6820689
  • KÖSEOGLU, M.A., CHAN, E.S., OKUMUS, F. y ALTIN, M. (2019): «How do hotels operationalize their competitive intelligence efforts into their management processes? Proposing a holistic model», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 83, pp. 283-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.11.007
  • KÖSEOGLU, M.A., MORVILLO, A., ALTIN, M., DE MARTINO, M. y OKUMUS, F. (2020): «Competitive intelligence in hospitality and tourism: A perspective article», Tourism Review, vol. 75, pp. 239-242 https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0224
  • KÖSEOGLU, M.A., ROSS, G. y OKUMUS, F. (2016): «Competitive intelligence practices in hotels», International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 53, pp. 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.11.002
  • LACARCEL, F.J. y HUETE, R. (2023): «Digital communication strategies used by private companies, entrepreneurs, and public entities to attract long-stay tourists: a review», International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, vol. 19, pp. 691-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00843-8
  • LI, H., HU, M. y LI, G. (2020): «Forecasting tourism demand with multisource big data», Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 83, pp. 102912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102912
  • LI, J., XU, L., TANG, L., WANG, S. y LI, L. (2018): «Big data in tourism research: A literature review», Tourism Management, vol. 68, pp. 301-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.03.009
  • LI, X. y LAW, R. (2020): «Network analysis of big data research in tourism», Tourism Management Perspectives, vol. 33, article 100608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100608
  • LI, X., MA, S. y WU, M. (2023): «What makes social media branding more effective in shaping pre-visit image: Information quality or source credibility?», Tourism Management Perspectives, vol. 46, 101084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101084
  • LI, M., ZHANG, C., SUN, S. y WANG, S. (2023): «A novel deep learning approach for tourism volume forecasting with tourist search data», International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 25 (2), pp. 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2558
  • LINE, N.D., DOGRU, T., EL-MANSTRLY, D., BUOYE, A., MALTHOUSE, E. y KANDAMPULLY, J. (2020): «Control, use and ownership of big data: A reciprocal view of customer big data value in the hospitality and tourism industry», Tourism Management, vol. 80, 104106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104106
  • LÓPEZ DE ÁVILA, A. y GARCÍA SÁNCHEZ, S. (2013): «Destinos turísticos inteligentes», Harvard Deusto Business Review, vol. 224, pp. 58-67. https://doi.org/0422-2784
  • MALTHOUSE, E.C., BUOYE, A., LINE, N., EL-MANSTRLY, D., DOGRU, T. y KANDAMPULLY, J. (2019): «Beyond reciprocal: the role of platforms in diffusing data value across multiple stakeholders», Journal of Service Management, vol. 30 (4), pp. 507-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-12-2018-0381
  • MARIANI, M. y BORGHI, M. (2021): «Environmental discourse in hotel online reviews: A big data analysis», Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 29, pp. 829-848. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1858303
  • MARIANI, M., DI FATTA, G. y DI FELICE, M. (2018): «Understanding customer satisfaction with services by leveraging big data: the role of services attributes and consumers’ cultural background», IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 8.195-8.208. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2887300
  • MARIANI, M., BAGGIO, R., FUCHS, M. y HÖEPKEN, W. (2018): «Business intelligence and big data in hospitality and tourism: A systematic literature review», International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 30, pp. 3.514-3.554. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0461
  • MARIANI, M. y BAGGIO, R. (2021): «Big data and analytics in hospitality and tourism: a systematic literature review», International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2017-0461
  • MARTINA NANNELLI, F.C. y LAZZERETTI, L. (2023): «Artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism», State of the art and future research avenues, European Planning Studies, vol. 31 (7), pp. 1.325-1.344, https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2023.2180321
  • MERTON R.K., FISKE M. y KENDALL P. (1956): The Focused Interview: A Manual of Problems & Procedures. Glencoe, IL. Free Press.
  • MOLINA-AZORIN, J.F., FÀBREGUES, S. y ESCALANTE-BARRIOS, E.L. (2024): Métodos mixtos de investigación: Integrando métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Madrid, Ediciones Pirámide.
  • MORENO, L. y PEDREÑO, A. (2020): Europa frente a EE. UU. Y China. Prevenir el declive en la era de la inteligencia artificial. Autoeditado en Amazon.
  • NAVARRETE, J.G.N. (2004): «El futuro de la administración y de la Inteligencia Turística en España», Estudios Turísticos, vol. 163-164, pp. 141-149. https://doi.org/10.61520/et.163-1642005.947
  • NIININEN, O., MARCH, R. y BUHALIS, D. (2006): «Consumer centric tourism marketing, en BUHALIS, D y COSTA, C. (Eds.), Tourism management dynamics: Trends, management and tools, London, Buttterworth Heinemann, pp. 175-186.
  • NUÑEZ TORRES, E., VELÁZQUEZ ZALDÍVAR, R. y PÉREZ RIVES, L. (2022): «Valoración de la Inteligencia Turística en la gestión de destinos turísticos cubanos», Explorador Digital, vol. 6 (3), pp. 134-148. https://doi.org/10.33262/exploradordigital.v6i3.2218
  • OLABUÉNAGA, J.I.R., y ISPIZUA, M.A. (1989): «La descodificación de la vida cotidiana: métodos de investigación cualitativa», Bilbao, Universidad de Deusto.
  • ORDÓÑEZ-MARTÍNEZ, D., SEGUÍ-PONS, J.M. y RUIZ-PÉREZ, M. (2024): «Marco conceptual y análisis prospectivo de los espacios de datos turísticos de la UE», Sostenibilidad, vol. 16, n.º 1: 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010371
  • OSEI, B.A., RAGAVAN, N.A. y MENSAH, H.K. (2020): «Prospects of the fourth industrial revolution for the hospitality industry: a literature review», Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. 11(3), pp. 479-494. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2019-0107
  • PAN, B. y YANG, Y. (2017): «Forecasting destination weekly hotel occupancy with big data», Journal of Travel Research, vol. 56, pp. 957-970. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516669050
  • PARK, S. (2021): «Big data in smart tourism: A perspective article», Journal of Smart Tourism, vol. 1 (3), pp. 798 3-5. https://doi.org/10.52255/smarttourism.2021.1.3.2
  • PARK, S., XU, Y., JIANG, L., CHEN, Z. y HUANG, S. (2020): «Spatial structures of tourism destinations: A trajectory data mining approach leveraging mobile big data», Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 84, article 102973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102973
  • PARK, S., YUAN, Y. y CHOE, Y. (2021): «Application of graph theory to mining the similarity of travel trajectories», Tourism Management, vol. 87, article 104391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104391
  • PORTER, M.E. (1985): «Technology and competitive advantage», Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 5 (3), pp. 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb039075
  • RANJAN, J. y FOROPON, C. (2021): «Big data analytics in building the competitive intelligence of organizations», International Journal of Information Management, vol. 56, article 102231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102231
  • SAMARA, D., MAGNISALIS, I. y PERISTERAS, V. (2020): «Artificial intelligence and big data in tourism: a systematic literature review», Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, vol. 11 (2), pp. 343-367. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-12-2018-0118
  • SCAGLIONE, M. y BAGGIO, R. (2017): «Visitor Flows: A Network Analytic Approach», AIRTH 2017–Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality–Preparing for the Future, vol. 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-017-0096-1
  • SHAFIEE, S., JAHANYAN, S., GHATARI, A.R. y HASANZADEH, A. (2023): «Developing sustainable tourism destinations through smart technologies: A system dynamics approach», Journal of Simulation, vol. 17 (4), pp. 477-498. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477778.2022.2030656
  • SHIH, M-J., LIU, D-R. y HSU, M-L. (2010): «Discovering competitive intelligence by mining changes in patent trends», Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 37, pp. 2.882-2.890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2009.09.001
  • SONG, S., PARK, S.B. y PARK, K. (2021): «Social media marketing strategies for tourism destinations: Effects of linguistic features and content types», Journal of Smart Tourism, vol. 1 (3), pp. 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2017.09.014
  • SHOKOOHYAR, S., SOBHANI, A. y SOBHANI, A. (2020): «Determinants of rental strategy: short-term vs long-term rental strategy», International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 32 (12), pp. 3.873-3.894. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2020-0185
  • TARDIEU, H. (2022): «Papel de Gaia-X en el ecosistema espacial europeo de datos», en Diseño de espacios de datos, Springer, pp. 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_4
  • TEAM, I.G.P. (2020): EU general data protection regulation (gdpr)–an implementation and compliance guide. IT Governance Ltd.
  • TUO, Y., NING, L. y ZHU, A. (2021): «How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the Future of Tourism Industry: The Practice in China», en WÖRNDL, W., KOO, C. y STIENMETZ, J.L. (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_7
  • TUSSYADIAH, I.P. y ZACH, F. (2017): «Identifying salient attributes of peer-to-peer accommodation experience», Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, vol. 34, pp. 636-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1209153
  • UNWTO (2010): International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Division Staff New York, NY, USA.
  • VALLES, M. (2005): «El reto de la calidad en la investigación social cualitativa: de la retórica a los planteamientos de fondo y las propuestas técnicas», Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, vol. 110 (1), pp. 91-11. https://doi.org/10.2307/40184684
  • VOLO, S. (2020): «Tourism statistics, indicators and big data: a perspective article», Tourism Review, vol. 75 (1), pp. 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0262
  • WU, J., CAI, J., LUO, X.R. y BENITEZ, J. (2021): «How to increase customer repeated bookings in the short-term room rental market? A large-scale granular data investigation», Decision Support Systems, vol. 143, 113495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113495
  • XIANG, Z. (2018): «From digitization to the age of acceleration: On information technology and tourism», Tourism Management Perspectives, vol. 25, pp. 147-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.11.023
  • XU, Y., LI, J., BELYI, A. y PARK, S. (2021): «Characterizing destination networks through mobility traces of international tourists — A case study using a nationwide mobile positioning dataset», Tourism Management, vol. 82, article 104195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104195
  • XIANG, Z. y FESENMAIER, D.R. (2017): «Big data analytics, tourism design and smart tourism», en Analytics in smart tourism design: concepts and methods, pp. 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44263-1_17
  • XIE, G., QIAN, Y. y WANG, S. (2021): «Forecasting Chinese cruise tourism demand with big data: an optimized machine learning approach», Tourism Management, vol. 82, 104208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104208
  • YUS, S. (2022, 20 junio): «El CNI del turismo español está en Benidorm y ya sabe lo que vas a hacer este verano», elconfidencial.com. https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/comunidad-valenciana/2022-06-20/tecnologia-digitalizacion-turismo-benidorm_3444047
  • ZVAIGZNE, A., MIETULE, I., KOTANE, I., VONOGA, A. y MEISTE, R. (2023): «Smart tourism: the role and synergies of stakeholders», Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 15 (5), pp. 476-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-06-2023-0079