Floristic composition, structure and species conservation status of Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps in Andean-Amazonian piedmont in the Department of San Martín, Peru

Referencias bibliográficas

• Acevedo-Quintero, J. F., & Zamora-Ábrego, J. G. (2016). Role of mammals on seed dispersal and predation processes of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae) in the Colombian Amazon. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64, 5–15.
• Aguilar, B. V., & Jiménez, F. H. (2009). Diversidad y distribución de palmas (Arecaceae) en tres fragmentos de bosque muy húmedo en Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 64, 83–92.
• Alva, J. E., Meneses, J. F., Chang, L. A., Lara, J. L., & Nishimura, T. (1992). Efectos en el terreno ocasionados por los sismos del Alto Mayo en Perú. Earthquake Engineering, Tenth World Conference. Balkema, Rotterdam.
• Asner, G. P., Knapp, D. E., Martin, R. E., Tupayachi, R., Anderson, C. B., Mascaro, J. et al. (2014). The high-resolution Carbon Geography of Perú. Berkeley, CA: Minuteman Press.
• Assis, R. L., & Wittmann, F. (2011). Forest structure and tree species composition of the understory of two central Amazonian várzea forests of contrasting flood heights. Flora, 206, 251–260.
• Balslev, H., Eiserhardt, W., Kristiansen, T., & Pedersen, D. (2010). Palms and palm communities in the upper Ucayali river valley –a little known region in the Amazon basin. Palms, 54, 57–72.
• Barthelmes, A., Ballhorn, U., & Couwenberg, J. (2015). Consulting Study 5: Practical guidance on locating and delineating peatlands and other organic soils in the Tropics. The High Carbon Stock Science Study.
• Begón, M., Townsend, C. R., & Harper, J. L. (2006). Ecologia: de individuos a ecossistemas. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Artmed editora.
• Bhomia, R. K., van Lent, J., Rios, J. M. G., Hergoualc’h, K., Coronado, E. N. H., & Murdiyarso, D. (2018). Impacts of Mauritia flexuosa degradation on the carbon stocks of freshwater peatlands in the Pastaza-Marañón river basin of the Peruvian Amazon. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 24, 645–668.
• Börner, A., & Zimmermann, R. (2003). Classification of East-Andean Forest Amphibiomes in the Río AvisadoWatershed, AltoMayo Region, NorthernPeru. Lyonia, 3, 29–36.
• Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K., & Shen, T. (2005). Un nuevo método estadístico para la evaluación de la similitud en la composición de especies con datos de incidencia y abundancia. In G. Halffter, J. Soberón, P. Koleff y A. Melic (Eds.), Sobre diversidad biológica. El significado de las diversidades alfa, beta y gamma (pp. 85–95). Zaragoza, España: Grupo DIVERSITAS & CONACYT.
• Colwell, R. K. (2000). A barrier runs through it… or maybe just a river. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 13470–13472. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.250497697
• Colwell, R. K. (2013). Programa EstimateS (Statical Estimation of Species Richness and Shared Species from Samples). Version 9. http://viceroy.colorado.edu/estimates/
• Colwell, R. K., & Coddington, J. A. (1994). Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 345, 101–118.
• Costa, F. R. C., Guillaumet, J. L., Lima, A. P., & Pereira, O. S. (2008). Gradients within gradients: the mesoscale distribution patterns of palms in a central Amazonian forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 20, 69–78. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.05314.x
• Curtis, J. T., & McIntosh, R. P. (1950). The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic of phytosociological characters. Ecology, 31, 434–455.
• Dietz, J., Dempewolf, J., Börner, A., Mette, T., Perisutti, A., & Zimmermann, R. (2003). Ecological classification of pristine premontane vegetation in the Alto Mayo Valley, Peru. Lyonia, 3, 73–82.
• Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Loyola, R. D., Raia, P., Mooers, A. O., & Bini, L. M. (2013). Darwinian shortfalls in biodiversity conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28, 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.003
• Draper, F. C., Coronado, E. N. H., Roucoux, K. H., Lason, I. T., Pitman, N. C., Fine, P. V. et al. (2018). Peatland forests are the least diverse tree communities documented in Amazonia but contribute to high regional beta-diversity. Ecography, 41, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.03126
• Drucker, D. P., Costa, F. R. C., & Magnusson, W. E. (2008). How wide is the riparian zone of small streams in tropical forests? A test with terrestrial herbs. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 24, 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467407004701
• Eiserhardt, W. L., Svenning, J. C., Kissling, W. D., & Balslev, H. (2011). Geographical ecology of the palms (Arecaceae): determinants of diversity and distributions across spatial scales. Annals of Botany, 108, 1391–1416. https://doi. org/10.1093/aob/mcr146
• Emilio, T., Quesada, C. A., Costa, F. R. C., Magnusson, W. E., Schietti, J., Feldpausch, T. R. et al. (2014). Soil physical conditions limit palm and tree basal area in Amazonian forests. Plant Ecology and Diversity, 7, 215–229. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2013.772257
• Endara, A., Franco, S., Nava, G., Valdez, J., & Fredericksen, T. (2012). Effect of human disturbance on the structure and regeneration of forests in the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico. Journal of Forestry Research, 23, 39–44.
• Endress, B. A., Horn, C. M., & Gilmore, M. P. (2013). Mauritia flexuosa palm swamps: composition, structure and implications for conservation and management. Forest Ecology Management, 302, 346–353. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.051
• Fajardo, A., Veneklaas, E., Obregon, S., & Beaulieu, N. (1999). Los bosques de galería. Guía para su apreciación y su conservación. Cali, Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical.
• Fujiyoshi, R., Satake, Y., Sato, T., Sumiyoshi T., Dietz, J., & Zimmermenn, R. (2009). Natural and anthropogenic consequences of tropical forest soils in Northern Peru using environmental radionuclides as radiotracers. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 279, 509–518.
• Galeano, A., Urrego, L. E., Sánchez, M., & Peñuela, M. C. (2015). Environmental drivers for regeneration of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. in Colombian Amazon swamp forest. Aquatic Botany, 123, 47–53
• Gentry, A. H., & Ortiz, R. (1993). Patrones de composición florística en la Amazonía Peruana. In R. Kalliolla, M. Puhakka, & W. Danjoy (Eds.), Vegetación húmeda tropical en el llano subandino (pp 155–166). Jyväskylä, Finland: Proyecto Amazonia Universidad de Turku (PAUT)/ Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales (ONERN).
• González-Ramírez, M., Zaragoza-Caballero, S., & PérezHernández, C. X. (2017). Análisis de la diversidad de Coleoptera en el bosque tropical caducifolio en Acahuizotla, Guerrero, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 88, 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2017.03.008
• Hammer, O., Harper D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistic software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica, 4, 9–41.
• Hergoualc’h, K., Gutiérrez-Vélez, V. H., Menton, M., & Verchot, L.V. (2017). Caracterización de la degradación de los pantanos de palmeras turbosos desde el espacio y sobre el terreno: un estudio exploratorio en la Amazonia peruana. Documentos Ocasionales 179. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
• Honorio, C. E., Vega, A. J., & Corrales, M. N. (2015). Diversidad, estructura y carbono de los bosques aluviales del noreste peruano. Folia Amazónica, 24, 55–70.
• Householder, J. E., Janovec, J. P., Tobler, M. W., Page, S., & Lähteenoja, O. (2012). Peatlands of the Madre de Dios River of Peru: distribution, geomorphology, and habitat diversity. Wetlands, 32, 359–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13157-012-0271-2
• Janovec, J., Householder, E., Tobler, M., Valega, R., von May, R., Araujo, J. et al. (2013). Evaluación de los actuales impactos y amenazas inminentes en aguajales y cochas de Madre de Dios, Perú. Lima: WWF.
• Jiménez-Valverde, A., & Hortal, J. (2003). Las curvas de acumulación de especies y la necesidad de evaluar la calidad de los inventarios biológicos. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 8, 151–161.
• Junk, W. J. (1989). Flood tolerance and tree distribution in central Amazonian floodplains. In L.B. Holm-Nielsen, I. C. Nielsen, & H. Balslev (Eds.), Tropical forests: botanical dynamics, speciation, and diversity (pp. 47–64). New York: Academic Press.
• Junk, W., Piedade, M., Wittmann, F., Schöngart, J., & Parolin, P. (Eds.). (2010). Amazonian floodplain forests. Ecological studies (analysis and synthesis). Dordrecht: Springer.
• Kageyama, P. Y., Gandara, F. B., & Souza, L. (1998). Consequências genéticas da fragmentação sobre populações de espécies arbóreas. Piracicaba, Brazil: Série Técnica IPEF, 12.
• Kalliola, R., Puhakka, M., Salo, J., Tuomisto, H., & Ruokolainen, K. (1991). The dynamics, distribution and classification of swamp vegetation in Peruvian Amazonia. Annales Botanici Fennici, 28, 225–239.
• Klink, C. A., & Machado, R. B. (2005). Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conservation Biology, 193, 707–713.
• Kurtz, B.C., Gomes, J. C., & Scarano, F. R. (2013). Structure and phytogeographic relationships of swamp forests of Southeast Brazil. Acta Botânica Brasílica, 27, 647–660. https://doi. org/10.1590/S0102-33062013000400002
• Lähteenoja, O., & Page, S. (2011). High diversity of tropical peatland ecosystem types in the Pastaza Marañón basin, Peruvian Amazonia, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, 1–14.
• Ludwig, D. (1999). Is it meaningful to estimate the probability of extinction? Ecology, 80, 298–310. https://doi. org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[0298:IIMTEA]2.0.CO;2
• Luize, B. G., Magalhães, J. L. L., Queiroz, H., Lopes, M. A., Venticinque, E. M., Leão de Moraes-Novo, E. M. et al. (2018). The tree species pool of Amazonian wetland forests: Which species can assemble in periodically waterlogged habitats? Plos One, 13, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0198130
• Meister, K., Ashton, M.S., Craven, D., & Griscom, H. (2012). Carbon dynamics of tropical forests. In M.S. Ashton, M.L. Tyrrell, D. Spalding, & B. Gentry (Eds.), Managing forest Carbon in a changing climate. Dordrecht: Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2232-3_4
• Melack, J. M., & Hess, L. L. (2010). Remote sensing of the distribution and extent of wetlands in the Amazon basin. In W. J. Junk, M. T. F. Piedade, F. Wittmann, J. Schöngart, & P. Parolin (Eds.), Amazonian floodplain forests (pp. 43–59). Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer.
• Montufar, R., & Pintaud, J. C. (2006). Variation in species composition, abundance and microhabitat preferences among western Amazonian terra firme palm communities. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society, 151, 127–140.
• Nebel, G., Kvist, L. P., Vanclay, J. K., Christensen, H., Freitas, L., & Ruiz, J. (2001). Structure and floristic composition of flood plain forests in the Peruvian Amazon: I. Overstorey. Forest Ecology and Management, 150, 27–57. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00680-0
• ONERN (Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales). (1983). Inventario y evaluación semidetallada de los recursos de suelos, forestales y uso actual de la tierra de la Cuenca alta del Río Mayo (Sector Río Tumbaro - Ríio Avisado). Lima ONERN.
• Palminteri, S., Powekk, G. V. N., & Peres, C. A. (2011). Regional-scale heterogeneity in primate community structure at multiple undisturbed forest sites across south-eastern Peru. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 27, 181–194. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0266467410000684
• Parolin, P., Adis, J., Rodrigues, W. A., Amaral, I., & Piedade, M. T. F. (2004) Floristic study of an igapó floodplain forest in Central Amazonia, Brazil (Tarumã-Mirim, Rio Negro). Amazoniana, 18, 29–47.
• Parolin, P., Wittmann, F., & Schongart, J. (2010). Tree phenology in Amazonian floodplain forests. In W. J. Junk, M. T. F. Piedade, F. Wittmann, J. Schöngart, & P. Parolin (Eds.), Amazonian floodplain forests (pp. 105–126). Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York: Springer.
• PEAM (Proyecto Especial Alto Mayo). (2004). Boletín meteorológico e hidrológico del Alto Mayo, 1996 –2004. Moyobamba, Región San Martín, Perú: SENAMHI.
• Pitman, N., Terborgh, J., Silman, M. R., & Nuñez, P. (1999). Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest. Ecology, 80, 2651–2661.
• Quaresma, A. C., Piedade, M. T. F., Oliveira, Y. F., Wittmann, F., & ter Steege, H. (2017). Composition, diversity and structure of vascular epiphytes in two contrasting Central Amazonian floodplain ecosystems. Acta Botânica Brasílica, 31, 686–697. http://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017abb0156
• Quinteros G. Y., Roca A. F., & Quinteros, V. (2016). Ecología, uso y conservación de los aguajales en el Alto Mayo, San Martín. Un estudio sobre las concentraciones de Mauritia flexuosa en la selva peruana. In C. A. Lasso, A. Rial, & B. V. González (Eds.), VII. Morichales, cananguchales y otros palmares inundables de Suramérica (pp. 265–283). Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt.
• Rull, V., & Montoya, E. (2014). Mauritia flexuosa palm swamp communities: natural or human-made? A palynological study of the Gran Sabana region (northern South America) within a neotropical context. Quaternary Science Reviews, 99, 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.007
• Ruokolainen, K., Schulman, L., & Tuomisto, H. (2001). On Amazon peatlands. International Mire Conservation Group Newsletter, 4, 8–10.
• Ruokolainen, K., Tuomisto, H., Macía, M., Higgins, M., & Yli-Halla, M. (2007). Are floristic and edaphic patterns in Amazonian rain forests congruent for trees, Pteridophytes and Melastomataceae? Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23, 13–25.
• Scolforo, J. R., Pulz, F.A., & Melo, J. M. (1998) Modelagem da produção, idade das florestas nativas, distribuição espacial das espécies e análise estrutural. In J. R. Scolforo (Ed.), Manejo forestal (pp. 189–206). Lavras, Brazil: UFLA/ FAEPE.
• Siqueira, C., Bahia, G. A., De Tarso, A. P., & Pontes, R. S. (2012). Annual and seasonal changes in the structure of litter-dwelling ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic Semideciduous Forests. Psyche, 2012, 959715.
• Slade, E. M., Mann, D. J., Villanueva, J. F., & Lewis, O. T. (2007). Experimental evidence for the effects of dung beetle functional group richness and composition on ecosystem function in a tropical forest. Journal of Animal Ecology, 76, 1094–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01296.x
• Soininen, J., McDonald, R., & Hillebrand, H. (2007). The distance decay of similarity in ecological communities. Ecography, 30, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2007.04817.x
• Sokal, R. R., & Rohlf, F.G. (1995). Biometry. 3rd Ed. New York: Freeman Co.
• Ter Steege, H., Pitman, N. C. A, Sabatier, D., Baraloto, C., Salomão, R. P., Guevara, J. E. et al. (2013). Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora. Science, 342, 1243092. https:// doi.org/10.1126/science.1243092
• Tilman, D., & Lehman, C. (2001). Human-caused environmental change: impacts on plant diversity and evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 5433–5440.
• Toivonen, J. M., Suominen, L., Gonzáles-Inca, C. A., Trujillo, P. G., & Jones, M. M. (2017). Environmental drivers of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte abundance in tropical premontane cloud forests in Northern Peru. Journal of Vegetation Science, 28, 1198–1208. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12577
• Urrego, L. E. (1997). Los bosques inundables en el Medio Caquetá: Caracterización y sucesión. Serie estudios en la Amazonia colombiana, Colombia: Fundación Tropenbos.
• Urrego, L. (2018). Cananguchales y manglares: humedales forestales de las zonas bajas tropicales, tan semejantes como contrastantes. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 42, 80–95.
• Van Dyke, F. (2008). The conservation of populations: concept, theory and analysis. In F. Van Dyke (Ed.), Conservation biology. Foundations, concepts, applications (pp. 213-242). New York: Springer.
• Wittmann, F., Schongart, J., Montero, J. C., Motzer, T., Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F. et al. (2006). Tree species composition and diversity gradients in white-water forests across the Amazon Basin. Journal of Biogeography, 33, 1334–1347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01495.x
• XLSTAT (2017). Data analysis and statistical solution for Microsoft Excel. Paris: Addinsoft.
• Young, K. R., & León, B. (2000). Biodiversity conservation in Peru’s Eastern montane forests. Mountain Research and Development, 20, 208–211.
• Zárate, R., Mori, T. J., & Maco, J. T. (2013). Estructura y composición florística de las comunidades vegetales del ámbito de la carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Loreto-Perú. Folia Amazónica, 22, 77–89. https://doi.org/10.24841/ fa.v22i1-2.50