Dependencia al ejercicio físico e indicadores del estado de ánimo en deportistas universitarios

  1. Reche García, C.
  2. Martínez Rodríguez, A.
  3. Ortín Montero, F.J.
Journal:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423,  1989-5879

Year of publication: 2015

Volume: 15

Issue: 2

Pages: 21-26

Type: Article

DOI: 10.4321/S1578-84232015000200003 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine exercise dependence prevalence in college athletes; analyze differences by gender, kind of sport and training time. In addition, to analyze its relationship with sensitivity and moods. Involved 255 students (212 men and 43 women) aged between 18 and 43 years (M = 21.25, SD = 4.28). Spanish version of the Exercise Dependence Scale -Revised (EDS- R; Sicilia and González, 2011) and Profile of Mood States (POMS, McNair, Lorr and Droppleman, 1971) were administered. The results showed a dependence on exercise represented 6% of the study participants, no statistically significant differences by gender or sport. Regarding the training time differences did appear, being those with high dedication which had higher symptoms of exercise dependence, compared to those with a healthy dedication. Exercise dependence was associated with a profile mood of tension, depression, anger, fatigue and weakness. The results have identified characteristics of the process of exercise and psychological dependence indicators for signs of the disorder through psychological evaluation during training periods to prevent the full development of the problem

Bibliographic References

  • Adams, J. M., Miller, T. W., & Kraus, R. F. (2003). Exercise dependence: diagnostic and therapeutic issues for patients in psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33(2), 93-107.
  • Adams, J., & Kirkby, R. J. (2002). Excessive exercise as an addiction: a review. Addiction Research and Theory, 10, 415-37.
  • Allegre, B., Souvulle, M., Therme, P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2006). Definitions and measures of exercise dependence. Addiction Research and Theory, 14, 631-46.
  • Allegre, B., Therme, P., & Griffiths, M. (2007). Individual factors and the context of physical activity in exercise dependence: A prospective study of 'ultra-marathoners'. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 5(3), 233-243.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Antunes, H. K. M., Stella, S. G., Santos, R. F., Bueno, O. F. A., & Mello, M. T. D. (2005). Depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors after an endurance exercise program. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 266-271.
  • Antunes, H. K. M., Andersen, M. L., Tufik, S., & De Mello, M. T. (2006). O estresse físico ea dependência de exercício físico. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 12(5), 234-238.
  • Arbinaga, F. (2004). Dependencia del ejercicio. Cuadernos de Medicina Psicosomática y Psiquiatría de Enlace, 71(72), 24-32.
  • Caracuel, E. & Arbinaga, I. (2010). Repercusión del ejercicio físico sobre la salud. Apuntes de Psicología, 28(2), 315-328.
  • Christie, M. J., & Chesher, G. B. (1982). Physical dependence on physiologically released endogenous opiates. Life sciences, 30(14), 1173-1177.
  • Demetrovics, Z. & Kurimay, T. (2008). Exercise addiction: a literature review. Psychiatria Hungarica, 23 (2), 129-41.
  • Fuentes, I., Balaguer, I., Meliá, J. L. & García-Merita, M. L. (1995). Forma abreviada del Perfil de los Estados de Ánimo (POMS). Actas del V Congreso Nacional de Psicología de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, (pp. 29-39). Valencia. Universitat de València.
  • Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., ... & Swain, D. P. (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1334-1359.
  • González-Cutre, D. & Sicilia, A. (2012). Dependencia del ejercicio físico en usuarios españoles de centros de acondicionamiento físico (fitness): diferencias según el sexo, la edad y las actividades practicadas. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 20(2), 349-364.
  • Guszkowska, M., & Rudnicki, P. (2012). Mood changes in physically active men in situations of imagined discontinuation of physical exercises as an indication of the risk of addiction to physical exercises. Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 19(1), 16-20.
  • Hausenblas, H. A., & Symons, D. (2002a). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 89-123. doi:10.1016/1469-0292(00)00015-7
  • Hausenblas, H. A., & Symons, D. (2002b). Exercise Dependence Scale-21 Manual. Recuperado de http://www.personal.psu.edu/dsd11/EDS/EDS21Manual.pdf
  • Jiménez, M. G., Martínez, P., Miró, E., & Sánchez, A. I. (2008). Bienestar psicológico y hábitos saludables: ¿están asociados a la práctica de ejercicio físico? International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(1), 185-202.
  • Kjelsas, E., Augestad, L. B., & Götestam, K.G. (2003). Exercise dependence in physically activa women. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 145-155.
  • Krivoschekov, S. G., & Lushnikov, O. N. (2011). Psycho physiology of sports addictions (Exercise Addiction). Human Physiology, 37 (4), 509-13.
  • Mcnair, D. M., Lorr, M. & Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Manual for the profile of mood states. San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.
  • Modolo, V. B., Mello, M. T. D., Gimenez, P. R. B. D., Tufik, S., & Antunes, H. K. M. (2009). Dependência de exercício físico: humor, qualidade de vida em atletas amadores e profissionais; Physical exercise dependence: mood, quality of life in amateur and professional athletes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 15(5), 355-359.
  • Molinero, O., Salguero, A., & Márquez, S. (2011). Análisis de la recuperación-estrés en deportistas y relación con los estados de ánimo: un estudio descriptivo. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 11 (2), 47-55.
  • Mondin, G. W., Morgan, W. P., Piering, P. N., Stegner, A. J., Stotesbery, C. L., Trine, M. R., & Wu, M. Y. (1996). Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28(9), 1199-1203.
  • Ogden, J., Veale, D., & Summers, Z. (1997). The development and validation of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire. Addiction Research & Theory, 5(4), 343-355.
  • Olmedilla, A., Ortega, E., & Gómez, J. M. (2014). Influencia de la lesión deportiva en los cambios del estado de ánimo y de la ansiedad precompetitiva en futbolistas. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14 (1), 55-62.
  • Reche, C. & Gómez, M., en prensa. Dependencia al ejercicio físico y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Apuntes de psicología.
  • Remor, E. (2005). Dependencia del ejercicio físico: ¿hecho o ficción?. Psicología Conductual, 13(3), 395-404.
  • Rosa, D. A., Mello, M. D., & Souza-Formigoni, M. L. O. (2003). Dependência da prática de exercícios físicos: estudo com maratonistas brasileiros. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 9(1), 9-14.
  • Rosa, D. A., De Mello, M. T., Negrão, A. B., & De Souza-Formigoni, M. L. O. (2004). Mood changes after maximal exercise testing in subjects with symptoms of exercise dependence. Perceptual and motor skills, 99(1), 341-353.
  • Sicilia, A. & González, D. (2011). Dependence and physical exercise: Spanish Validation of the exercise dependence scale-revised (EDS-R). Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14 (1), 421-431.
  • Tello, G., Jouvion, A., Boulard, J. F., Marimoutou, C., Cazenave, N., & Théfenne, L. (2012). Exercise dependence and injuries in the "Centre national d'entraînement commando". Science & Sports, 27(5), 274-282.
  • Terry, A., Szabo, A. & Griffiths, M. (2004). The exercise addiction inventory: a new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and Theory, 12, 489-99.
  • Veale, D. M. W. (1987). Exercise dependence. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 735-40.
  • Veale, D. M. W. (1995). Does primary exercise dependence really exist? En: J. Annet; B. Cripps & H. Steinberg (editors). Exercise addiction: Motivacion for participation in sport and exercise. Leicester, UK: The British Psychological Society.
  • Weik, M. & Hale, B. D. (2009). Contrasting gender differences on two measures of exercise dependence. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(3), 204-207.
Data source: Dialnet