Estudio analítico de la alimentación, actividad física y estilos de vida en la población infantil de 6º de primaria de un medio urbano versus rural

Resum

ABSTRACT Obesity is a WHO-recognized pandemic that affects all ages, with no limitation in terms of sex or ethnicity and whose rapid growth worldwide, places it as an alarming problem among the child population. For global public health this problem is particularly worrying, especially when it is linked to increasingly common sedentary habits, as well as the gradual abandonment of the traditional profile of the Mediterranean Lifestyle in favor of bad habits Foodstuffs. And since the habits acquired in childhood and adolescence usually continue into adulthood, it is not difficult to imagine the importance of the impact of the increase of these risk factors since childhood. The causes that lead to the onset of excess weight in childhood or adolescence, are varied, with a clear genetic interaction and an, increasingly important environmental cause, being the location of the residence (urban or rural) one of the Determinants of study that has recently been gaining attention, and which in children is less studied. In a world that moves towards a single economy, a single market, we are immersed in a global process of commercial, cultural, and technological exchange that has led us to a homogenization of lifestyles. But has this reality reached the Valencian community and the child population? The present study aims to show the anthropometric, social and access characteristics of the urban environment (Elda) in the 6th year of primary school (10 and 11 years old) and compare it with a rural one (Pinoso ). With a participation of 70% of the students of the chosen schools in both areas, the information was collected through: a survey structured in three sections (a general questionnaire, a nutritional questionnaire and eating habits, and a questionnaire), the measurement of anthropometric parameters and the taking of blood pressure. In the analysis of the data obtained, no differences in environment were found except in the birth weight that was lower among the rural children analyzed. As for the study on food intake, only industrial bakery appears more frequently among children from the urban to rural environment significantly. In reference to the study of physical activity, a greater activity is observed significantly in all forms of quantification in the rural environment, except in the activity developed in the festive days that is equal to that of the urban environment. Lastly, there is no difference in food and rest habits, although more time is devoted to reading and homework among children in the urban environment, and greater consumption of computer and tablet during the week among rural children.