Acute Cardiovascular Responses after a Single Bout Blood Flow Restriction Training

  1. Picón, Moisés 1
  2. Chulvi Medrano, Iván 1
  3. Cortell-Tormo, Juan M. 1
  4. Tortosa-Martínez, Juan 1
  5. Alkhadar, Yasser 2
  6. Sanchís, José 2
  7. Laurentino, Gilberto 3
  1. 1 Universitat d'Alacant
    info

    Universitat d'Alacant

    Alicante, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05t8bcz72

  2. 2 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

  3. 3 Universidade de São Paulo
    info

    Universidade de São Paulo

    São Paulo, Brasil

    ROR https://ror.org/036rp1748

Mostra les afiliacions +
Revista:
International Journal of Exercise Science

ISSN: 1939-795X

Any de publicació: 2018

Volum: 11

Número: 2

Pàgines: 20-31

Tipus: Article

GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openRUA editor

Altres publicacions en: International Journal of Exercise Science

Resum

Different types of exercise might produce reductions in blood pressure (BP). One physiological mechanism that could explain the lowering adaptation effect on BP after an exercise program is an improved in baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Consequently, exploring the different methods of training and their post-exercise hypotension (PEH) becomes of interest for healthcare providers. Recently, it has been suggested that blood flow restriction training (BFR) can generate PEH. The aim of this study was to determine the acute response on cardiovascular variables after low intensity resistance training with BFR in normotensive subjects. Twenty-four male (24.38±3.88 years) performed four sets of plantar flexion at 30% 1RM (1x30 + 3x15 repetitions) with 30% of maximal occlusion pressure and 60 seconds resting period. The restrictive pressure was released during the intervals between sets. BP, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and double product (DP) were measured in baseline, after each set of exercise and 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes and 24 hours after exercise. An immediate significant increase across the set was observed for HR values (11.5%) (p<0.05) during application the protocol. SBP and DBP values also increased during exercise although mildly (1.7% and 1%, respectively) without significant differences compared with pre-values. A post-exercise hypotension was obtained 15min post-training (SBP: -6.9%; DBP: -3%). There was no significant change in SpO2 and DP during and post-exercise with BFR. Cardiovascular responses were altered mildly during BFR-training and after the single bout. In conclusion, BFR in young normotensive humans generated post-exercise hypotension.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Abe T, Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Thiebaud RS, Bemben MG. Exercise intensity and muscle hypertrophy in blood flow-restricted limbs and non-restricted muscles: a brief review. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 32(4): 247–252, 2012.
  • Araujo JP, Silva ED, Silva J, Souza T, Lima EO, Guerra I, Sousa M. The acute effect of resistance exercise with blood flow restriction with hemodynamic variables on hypertensive subjects. J Hum Kinet 43: 79-85, 2014.
  • Assunçao W, Daltro M, Simao R, Polito M, Monteiro W. Acute cardiovascular responses in strength training conducted in exercises for large and small muscular group. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 13: 118-122, 2007.
  • Brandner CR, Kidgell DJ, Warmington SA. Unilateral biceps curl hemodynamics: low-pressure continuous vs high-pressure intermittent blood flow restriction. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25(6): 770-777, 2015.
  • Brown LE, Weir JP. ASEP procedures recommendation I: Accurate assessment of muscular strength and power. JEP online 4(3): 1-21, 2001.
  • Cezar MA, De Sá CA, Da Silva V, Lopes S, Gonzaga GA, Da Silva ME. Effects of exercise training with blood flow restriction on blood pressure in medicated hypertensive patients. Motriz Rio Claro 22(2): 9-17, 2016
  • Chulvi-Medrano I. Resistance training with blood flow restriction and hypertensive subjects. J Hum Kinet 46: 7-8, 2015.
  • Chulvi I, Sanchis J, Tortosa J, Cortell JM. Exercise for hypertension. In: Medical Fitness. Croatia. Intech. 2016.
  • Counts BR, Dankel SJ, Barnett BE, Kim D, Mouser JG, Allen KM, Thiebaud RS, Abe T, Bemben MG, Loenneke JP. The influence of relative blood flow restriction pressure on muscle activation and muscle adaptation. Muscle Nerve 53(3): 438-445, 2015.
  • Da Nobrega AC. The sub-acute effects of exercise: concept, characteristics, and clinical implications. Exerc Sports Sci Rev 33(2): 84-87, 2005.
  • De Salles BF, Maior AS, Polito M, Novaes J, Alexander J, Rhea M, Simao R. Influence of rest interval lengths on hypotensive response after strength training sessions performed by older men. J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 3049-3054, 2010. Downs ME, Hackney KJ, Martin D, Caine TL, Cunningham D, O’Connor DP, Ploutz-Snyder LL. Acute vascular and cardiovascular responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46(8): 1489-1497, 2014.
  • Fleck SJ. Cardiovascular adaptations to resistance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(5): 146-151, 1988.
  • Fleck SJ, Dean LS. Resistance-training experience and the pressor response during resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 63(1): 116-120, 1987.
  • Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global burden of hypertension and systolic blood pressure of at least 110 to 115 mmHg, 1990-2015. JAMA 317(2): 165-182, 2017.
  • Fry AC. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fibre adaptations. Sports Med 34(10): 663-679, 2004.
  • Halliwill JR, Buck TM, Lacewell AN, Romero SA. Postexercise hypotension and sustained postexercise vasodilatation: what happens after we exercise? Exp Physiol 98(1): 7-18, 2013.
  • Hollander DB, Reeves GV, Clavier JD, Francois MR, Thomas C, Kraemer RR. Partial occlusion during resistance exercise alters effort sense and pain. J Strength Cond Res 24(1): 235-243, 2010.
  • Horiuchi M, Okita K. Blood flow restricted exercise and vascular function. Int J Vasc Med 543218, 2012.
  • Hughes L, Paton B, Rosenblatt B, Grissane C & Patterson SD Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 51(13): 1003-1011, 2017.
  • Kenney MJ, Seals DR. Postexercise hypotension. Key features, mechanisms and clinical significance. Hypertension 22(5): 653-664, 1993.
  • Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 365(9455): 217-223, 2005.
  • Lisboa G, Abreu DG, Cordeiro LS, Knifiss F. Checking of the alteration provoked by the resistance training exercises in hypertensive individuals. Revista de Educaçao Física 137: 18-25, 2007.
  • Loenneke JP, Fahs CA, Rossow LM, Abe T, Bemben MG. The anabolic benefits of venous blood Flow restriction training may be induced by muscle cell swelling. Med Hypotheses 78(1): 151–154, 2012.
  • Loenneke JP, Kearney ML, Thrower AD, Collins S, Pujol TJ. The acute response of practical occlusion in the knee extensors. J Strengh Cond Res, 24(10): 2831-2834, 2010.
  • Maior AS, Paixao RC, Ribeiro IC, Freitas DGS, Mota GR, Marocolo M. Acute responses of rate pressure product in sets of resistance exercise. Med Sportiva 18(1): 36-41, 2014.
  • Maior AS, Simao R, Martins M, De Salles BF, Willardson J. Influence of blood flow restriction during lowintensity resistance exercise on the postexercise hypotensive response. J Strength Cond Res 29(10): 2894-2899, 2015.
  • Martín-Hernández J, Marin PJ, Menéndez H, Ferrero C, Loenneke JP, Herrero AJ. Muscular adaptations after two different volumes of blood flow-restricted training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 23(2): 114-120, 2013.
  • McDougall JD, Tuxen D, Sale DG, Mozor JR, Sutton JR. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 58(3): 785-790, 1985.
  • Mitchell JH. Abdnormal cardiovascular response to exercise in hypertension: contribution of neural factors. Am J Physiol Regul Intgr Com Physiol 312(6):851-863, 2017.
  • Moriggi JR, Di Mauro HS, Dias SC, Matos JM, Urtado MB, Camarço NF, Sousa-Neto IV, Nascimento DC, Tibana RA, Assumpçao CO, Prestes J, Urtado CB. Similar hypotensive responses to resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction. Biol Sport 32(4): 289-294, 2015.
  • Neto GR, Novaes JS, Dias I, Brown A, Viana J, Cirilo-Sousa MS. Effects of resistance training with blood Flow restriction on haemodynamics: a systematic review. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 37(6): 567-574, 2017.
  • Neto GR, Sousa M, Costa PB, De Salles BF, Novaes G, Novaes J. Hypotensive effects of resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 29(4): 1064-1070, 2015.
  • Neto GR, Sousa MS, Costa e Silva GV, Gil AL, Salles BF, Novaes JS. Acute resistance exercise with blood Flow restriction effects on heart rate, double product, oxygen saturation and perceived exertion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 36(1): 53-59, 2016.
  • Pareja-Galeano H, Garatachea N, Lucia A. Exercise as a polypill for chronic diseases. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 135: 497-526, 2015.
  • Pearson SJ & Hussain SR. A review on the mechanism of blood-flow restriction resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy. Sports Med 45(2):187-200, 2015.
  • Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36: 533-553, 2004.
  • Pescatello LS, Guidry MA, Blanchard BE, Kerr A, Taylor AL, Johnson AN, Maresh CM, Rodriguez N, Thompson PD. Exercise intensity alters postexercise hypotension. J Hypertens 22(10): 1881-1888, 2004.
  • Pescatello LS, Kulikowich JM. The after effects of dynamic exercise on ambulatory blood pressure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33(11): 1855-1861, 2001.
  • Pescatello LS, MacDonald HV, Lamberti L, Johnson BT. Exercise for hypertension: a prescription update integrating existing recommendation with emerging research. Curr Hypertens Rep 17(11): 87, 2015.
  • Pinto RR, Polito MD. Haemodynamic responses during resistance exercise with blood flow restrictions in hypertensive subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 36(5): 407-413, 2016.
  • Poton R, Polito MD. Hemodynamic response to resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction in healthy subjects. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 36(3): 231-236, 2016.
  • Queiroz AC, Gagliardi JF, Forjaz CL, Rezk CC. Clinic and ambulatory blood pressure responses after resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 23(2): 571-578, 2009.
  • Ratamess NA, Alvar BA, Evetoch TK, Housh TJ, Kibler WB, Kraemer WJ, Triplett NT. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41: 687-708, 2009.
  • Renzi CP, Tanaka H, Sugawara JUN. Effecs of leg blood flow restriction during walking on cardiovascular function. Med Sci Sports Exercise 42(4):726-732, 2010.
  • Rossow LM, Fahs CA, Loenneke JP, Thiebaud RS, Sherk VD, Abe T, Bemben MG. Cardiovascular and perceptual responses to blood flow-restricted resistance exercise with differing restrictive cuffs. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 32(5): 331-337, 2012.
  • Rossow LM, Fahs CA, Sherk VD, Seo D, Bemben D, Bemben MG. The effect of acute blood-flow-restricted resistance exercise on post-exercise blood pressure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 31(6): 429-434, 2011.
  • Scott BR, Loenneke JP, Slattery KM, Dascombe BJ. Blood flow restricted exercise for athletes: A review of available evidence. J Sci Med Sport 19(5): 360-367, 2016.
  • Spranger MD, Krishnan AC, Levy PD, O’Leary DS, Smith SA. Blood flow restriction training and the exercise pressor reflex: a call for concern. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309(9): 1440-1452, 2015. Int J Exerc Sci 11(2): 20-31, 2018
  • Sumide T, Sakuraba K, Sawaki K, Ohmura H, Tamura Y. Effect of resistance exercise training combined with relatively low vascular occlusion. J Sci Med Sport 12(1): 107-112, 2009.
  • Takarada Y, Sato Y, Ishii N. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 86(4): 308-314, 2002.
  • Umpierre D, Stein R. Hemodynamic and vascular effects of resistance training: Implications for cardiovascular disease. Arg Bras Cardiol 89(4):256-262, 2007.
  • Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Conceicâo MS, Damas FR, LixandrâoME, Berton BP, Tricoli VA, Roschel HA, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikhail MP, Ugrinowitsch C. Comparison between low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction in high resistance training on quadriceps muscle mass and strength in elderly. J Strength Cond Res 29(4):1071-1076, 2015.
  • Vilaça-Alves J, Neto GR, Morgado NM, Saavedra F, Lemos R, Moreira TR, Novaes TJ, Rosa C, Reis V. Acute effect of resistance exercises performed by the upper and lower limbs with blood flow restriction on hemodynamic responses. J Exerc Physiol Online 19(3): 100, 2016