Análisis de perfiles neuropsicológicos en niños con Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad y Tempo Cognitivo Lento

  1. Rocío Juárez Ruiz de Mier
  2. Rocío Lavigne Cerván
  3. Manuel Torrecillas Martínez
  4. Ignasi Navarro Soria
Revista:
Revista de Discapacidad, Clínica y Neurociencias: (RDCN)

ISSN: 2341-2526

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 11

Número: 1

Páginas: 55-68

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openRUA editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Discapacidad, Clínica y Neurociencias: (RDCN)

Resumen

The current study stems from the concern that has arisen in recent years about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). In particular how independent these disorders are from each other, with different causes, symptoms and characteristics. For this purpose, we have analysed the differences in cognitive profiles of 105 participants (74 boys and 31 girls) aged 6 to 13 years (M = 8.97; SD = 1.97) separated into two groups according to their diagnosis: 57 subjects diagnosed with ADHD and 48 subjects diagnosed with SCT. To analyse the neuropsychological profile of the participants, the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) was used, which consists of four areas: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory and Processing Speed. A cross-sectional design was employed and data were analysed in SPSS using the U-Mann Whitney test. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the two profiles, showing the LCL group with lower scores in working memory, but better scores in processing speed tests. Even with their similarities, they appear to be different disorders, which translates in the nosologically to the need for a study with its own diagnostic tools and a different treatment for each of the disorders. Further studies with a larger sample size and different instruments are needed to further explore the similarities and differences between ADHD and SCT.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • López- Campo GX, Gómez- Betancur LÁ, Aguirre- Acevedo DC, Puerta IC, Pineda DA. Componentes de las pruebas de atención y función ejecutiva en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad. Rev Neurol. 2005; 40:331-39. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4006.2004368
  • Rodríguez Molinero L, López Villalobos JA, Garrido Redondo M, Sacristán Martín AM, Martínez Rivera MT, Ruiz Sanz F. Estudio psicométrico -clínico de prevalencia y comorbilidad del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en Castilla y León (España). Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria. 2009;11:251-70, Doi: https://doi.org/10.4321/S1139-76322009000200006
  • Rubio Morell B, Martín González R, Herreros Rodríguez O, González Pérez P, Hernández Expósito S, Quintero Fuentes I, et al. Evaluación neuropsicológica de la eficacia del metilfenidato- OROS en el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad. Rev Neurol. 2008; 46(10):602-08. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4610.2008132
  • Biederman J, Mick E, Faraone SV, Braaten E, Doyle A, Spencer T, et al. Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:36-42. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.36
  • Chamberlain SR, Robbins TW, Winder Rhodes S, Müller U, Sahakian BJ, Blackwell AD, Barnett JH. Translational Approaches to Frontostriatal Dysfunction in Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using a Computerized Neuropsychological Battery. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;69(12)1192-203. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.019
  • Llanos Lizcano, L. J., García Ruiz, D. J., González Torres, H. J., Puentes Rozo, P. Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños escolarizados de 6 a 17 años. Pediatría Atención Primaria. 2019;21(83), 101-108.
  • Christiansen H, Oades R. Negative priming within a Stroop task in children and adolescents with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their siblings and independent controls. J Atten Disord. 2010; 13:497-504.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054708325974
  • Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Barcelona: Masson; 2002.
  • Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. Guía de consulta de los criterios diagnósticos del DSM5. Arlington, VA, Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría. 2013.
  • Etchepareborda, M. C. Evaluación y clasificación del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Rev Neurol. 2000;1:171-80.
  • Álava, S., Cantero-García, M., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., Sánchez-Iglesias, I., Santacreu, J. Atención Sostenida y Selectiva en subtipos de TDAH y en Trastorno de Aprendizaje: una comparación clínica. Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology. 2021;19(53), 117-144. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v19i53.3778
  • Miranda A, Grau D, Meliá A, Rosello B. Fundamentación de un programa multicomponencial de asesoramiento a familias con hijos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Rev Neurol. 2008; 46 Suppl 1:43-5. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.46S01.2007663
  • Romero J, Lavigne R. Dificultades en el aprendizaje: unificación de criterios diagnósticos. I Definición, características y tipos. Manual Junta de Andalucía. 2005.
  • Rusca-Jordán, F., & Cortez-Vergara, C. Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión clínica. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría. 2020,83(3), 148-156. Doi: https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v83i3.3794
  • Millstein R, Wilens T, Bierderman E, Spencer J. Presenting ADHD symtoms and subtypes in clinically referred adults with ADHD. J Atten Disord. 1998; 2: 159-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/108705479700200302
  • Shaw- Zirt B, Popali- Lehane L, Chaplin W, Bergman A. Adjustment, Social Skills, and Self- Esteem in College Students With Symptoms of ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2005; 8: 109-20. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054705277775
  • Bussing R, Zima BT, Perwien AR. Self- Esteem in Special Education Children With ADHD: Relationship to Disorder Characteristics and Medication Use. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39(10):1260-69. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200010000-00013
  • Henríquez- Henríquez M, Zamorano- Mendieta F, Rothhammer- Engel F, Aboitiz F. Modelos neurocognitivos para el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad y sus implicaciones en el reconocimiento de endofenotipos. Rev Neurol. 2010;50:109-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.5002.2009082
  • Lavigne R, Romero JF. Modelo teórico del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad I: definición operativa. Electornic Jorunal of Research in Educational Psychology. 2010;8(3):1003-338.
  • Servera- Barcelo M. Modelo de autorregulación de Barkley aplicado al trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: una revisión. Rev Neurol. 2005;40(6): 358-68 Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4006.2004364
  • Pérez. El TDAH en la práctica clínica psicológica. Rev Clinica y Salud. Clínica y Salud. 2009; 20(3):249-59.
  • Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull. 1997; 121(1):65-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65
  • Orjales I. Déficit de atención con hiperactividad: el modelo híbrido de las funciones ejecutivas de Barkley. Rev Complutense de Educación. 2000;11(1):71-84.
  • PIDEX. Detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. 2008.
  • Artigas- Pallarés J. Modelos cognitivos en el trastorno por déficit de atención/ hiperactividad. Rev Neurol. 2009; 49(11):587-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4911.2009369
  • Rebolledo, F. A., & Ortiz, M. A. J. Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Revisión actualizada. Plasticidad y Restauración Neurológica. 2021;8(1), 39-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.35366/101204
  • Barkley RA. Attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder. A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Press. 2006.
  • Barkley RA. Avances en el diagnóstico y la subclasificación del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: qué puede pasar en el futuro respecto al DSM- V. Rev Neurol. 2009; 48 Suppl 2:101-06. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.48S02.2009003
  • Lahley B, Pelham WE, Loney J, Lee S, Wilcutt E. Instability of the DSM- IV subtypes of ADHD from preschool through elementary school. Arch Gen Psychiat. 2005;62:896-902. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.896
  • Capdevila- Brophy C, Artigas- Pallarés J, Obiols -Llandrich JE. Tempo cognitivo lento: ¿síntomas del trastorno de déficit de atención/hiperactividad predominantemente desatento o una nueva entidad clínica?. Rev Neurol. 2006;42 Suppl 2:127-34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.42S02.2005820
  • Urrutia- Torres FJ. Tempo cognitivo lento (sluggish cognitive tempo) ¿Un subtipo de TDAH o una entidad diferente? Arch Inv Mat Inf. 2010;2:71-3.
  • Barkley RA. Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (Concentration Deficit Disorder?): Current Status, Future Directions, and a Plea to Change the Name. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2014;42:117-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9824-y
  • Wahlstedt C, Bohlin G. DSM- IV- defined inattention and sluggish cognitive tempo: independent and interactive relations to neuropsychological factors and comorbidity. Child Neuropsychol. 2010;16:350-65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09297041003671176
  • Diamond A. Attention- deficit disorder (attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder without hyperactivity): a neurobiologically and behaviorally distinct disorder from attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (with hyperactivity). Dev Psychopathol. 2005;17:807-25. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050388
  • Barkley RA. Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121:978-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023961
  • Barkley RA. Distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from ADHD in children and adolescents: executive functioning, impairment, and comorbidity. J Clin Child Adolescent Psychol. 2013; 42:161-73. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.734259
  • Bauermeister JJ, Barkley RA, Bauermeister JA, Martinez JV, McBurnett K. Validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo, inattention, and hyperactivity symptom dimensions: neuropsychological and psychosocial correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012;40:683-97. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9602-7
  • Willcutt EG, Chhabildas N, Kinnear M, DeFries JC, Olson RK, Leopold DR, et al. The internal and external validity of sluggish cognitive tempo and its relation with DSM- IV ADHD. J Abnor Child Psychol. 2014;42(1):21 -35. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9800-6
  • Willcutt E, Nigg J, Pennington B, Solanto M, Rohde L, Tannock R, et al. Validity of DSM- IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions and subtypes. J Abnorm Psychol. 2012;121(4):991-1010. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027347
  • Fernández- Perrone AL, Fernández- Mayoral DM, Fernández Jaén A. Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: del tipo inatento al tipo restrictivo. Rev Neurol. 2013;56 Suppl 1:S77-S84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.56S01.2012651
  • McConaughy SH. Ivanova M, Antshel K, Eiraldi R. B. Standardized observational assessment of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Subtypes: I. Test session observations. School Psych Rev. 2009;38:45-66. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2009.12087849
  • McConaughy SH, Ivanova M, Antshel K, Eiraldi RB, Dumenci, L. Standardized observational assessment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Combined and Predominantly Inattentive Subtypes: II. Classroom observations. School Psych Rev. 2009; 39: 362-81. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2009.12087821
  • Huang Pollock CL, Nigg JT, Carr TH. Deficient attention is hard to find: applying the perceptual load model of selective attention to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes. J Child Psychol and Psych. 2005;46:1211-18. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.00410.x
  • Martínez, B.; Rico, D. DSM- 5 ¿Qué modificaciones nos esperan? Boletín Digital UNIDIS. 2003;7 -9
  • Ghanizadeh A. Psychiatric comorbidity differences in clinicreferred children and adolescents with ADHD according to the subtypes and gender. J Child Neurol 2009;24:679-84. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073808331086
  • Schatz DB, Rostain AL. ADHD with comorbid anxiety: a review of the current literature. J Atten Disord 2006;10:141-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054706286698
  • Günther T, Konrad K, Stéphane A, De Brito SA, Beate Herpertz- Dahlmann B, Vloet TD. Attentional functions in children and adolescents with ADHD, depressive disorders, and the comorbid condition. J Child Psychol Psychiat. 2011;52(3):324-31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02320.x
  • Dickerson Mayes S, Calhoun SL.WISC- IV and WISC- III Profiles in Children With ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2006;9(3):486-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054705283616
  • Wechler D. Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para niños- IV. Manual Técnico y de interpretación. Madrid: TEA Ediciones; 2007.
  • Herrera- Pino JA, Quintero- Gutiérrez del Álamo FJ, García- Álvarez R. Valoración neuropsicológica del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en: Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) a lo largo de la vida. MASSON. 2009. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4906.2009209
  • Barkley RA, Murphy KR, Bush T. Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol. 2001; 15(3)351-60. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.15.3.351
  • Doyle AL, Biederman J, Seidman LJ, Weber W, Faraone SV. Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(3):477 -88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.477
  • Willcutt EG, Pennington BF, Boada R, Ogline JS, Tunick RA, Chhabildas NA, et al. A comparison of the cognitive deficits in reading disability and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Psychol. 2001;110(1):157-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.110.1.157
  • López- Villalobos JA, Serrano- Pintado I, Delgado Sánchez- Mateos J, Ruiz- Sanz F, Sánchez- Azón MI, Sacristán- Martín AM. El factor de independencia a la distracción, elemento diferencial en casos de TDAH. Rev Neurol. 2007;44:589-95. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.4410.2006169
  • Flanagan D, Kaufman. Claves para la evaluación con el WISC- IV. TEA Ediciones. 2006.
  • Baddeley AD. The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000; 4: 417-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01538-2
  • Baddeley AD, Hitch GA. Developments in the concepts of working memory. Neuropsychol. 1994;8:484-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037//0894-4105.8.4.485
  • Barkley RA, Du Paul GJ, McMurray MB. A comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58:775-89. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.775
  • García T, González- Castro P, Rodríguez Pérez C, Cueli M, Álvarez García D, Álvarez L. Alteraciones del funcionamiento ejecutivo en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y sus subtipos. Psicología Educativa. 2014;20(1): 23 -32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2014.05.003
  • Wanderer, S., Roessner, V., Strobel, A., & Martini, J. WISC-IV performance of children with chronic tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a German clinical study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2021;15(1), 1-13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-021-00392-4
  • Kuntsi J, Pinto R, Price TS, Van Der Meer JJ, Fraizer- Wood AC, Ashreson P. The separarion of ADHD Inattention and Hyperactivity- Impulsivity Smptoms: Pathways from Genetic Effects to Cognitive Impairments and Symptoms. J Abnorm Chil Psychol. 2014;42:127-36. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9771-7
  • Frazier TW, Demaree HA, Youngstrom EA. Meta- analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychol. 2004;18:543-55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.543
  • Hervey AS, Epstein JN, Curry JF. Neuropsychology of adults with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta- analytic review. Neuropsychol. 2004;18: 485-503. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.485
  • Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF. Validity of the executive function theory of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a meta- analytic review. Biol Psychiat. 2005;57:1336-46. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006
  • Chhabildas N, Pennington BF, Willcutt EG. A comparison of neuropsychological profiles of the DSM IV subtypes of ADHD. J Abnor Child Psychol. 2004; 29; 529-40.
  • Wahlstedt C. Neuropsychological deficits in relation to symptoms of ADHD: Independent contributions and interactions. Child Neuropsychol. 2009;15:262-79. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040802524198
  • Bauermeister JJ, Barkley RA. New Findings on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo- The Other Attention Disorder. The ADHD Report. 2012; 20(4):1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1521/adhd.2012.20.4.1
  • Biederman J, Faraone SV, Monuteaux MC, Bober M, Cadogen E. Gender effects on attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited. Biol Psychiat. 2004;55:692-700. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.003
  • Lee SY, Burns GL, Snell J, McBurnett K. Validity of the sluggish cognitive tempo symptom dimension in children: Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD-inattention as distinct symptom dimensions. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2014; 42(1):7-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9714-3
  • Capdevila- Brophy C, Artigas- Pallares J, Nacarro- Pastor JB, Garcia- Nonell K, Rigau- Ratera E, Obiols JE. ADHD predominantly inattentive subtype with high sluggish cognitive tempo: a new clinical entity? J Atten Disord. 2014; 18(7):607-16. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712445483
  • Marshall SA, Evans SW, Eiraldi RB, Becker SP, Power TJ. Social and Academic Impairment in Youth with ADHD, Predominately Inattentive Type and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2014;42:77-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9758-4
  • Becker SP, Langberg JM. Attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sluggish cognitive tempo dimensions in relation to executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2014; 45(1):1-11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-013-0372-z
  • Milich R, Ballentine AC, Lynam DR. ADHD/combined type and ADHD/predominantly inattentive type are distinct and unrelated disorders. Clin Psychol Sci Prac. 2001;8,463-88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/8.4.463
  • Pfiffner LJ, Mikami AY, Huang-Pollock C, Easterlin B, Zalecki C, McBurnett K. A randomized, controlled trial of integrated home-school behavioral treatment for ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type. J American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiat. 2007;48,1041-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e318064675f
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet