¿Realmente la inteligencia emocional es tan importante como dicen?Más allá de la inteligencia general y la personalidad en la determinación del éxito profesional

  1. José Manuel de Haro García 1
  1. 1 Universitat d'Alacant
    info

    Universitat d'Alacant

    Alicante, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05t8bcz72

Revista:
Revista de Trabajo y Seguridad Social. CEF

ISSN: 2792-8314

Año de publicación: 2019

Número: 432

Páginas: 161-198

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Trabajo y Seguridad Social. CEF

Resumen

En el presente trabajo se muestra la importancia relativa de los predictores inteligencia general, factores de personalidad e inteligencia emocional en la determinación del éxito en el inicio de la carrera profesional. Para ello se analizan las relaciones entre la inteligencia emocional percibida, medida mediante el cuestionario Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), la inteligencia general, evaluada mediante la prueba de factor «g» de Cattell, escala 2, la personalidad, evaluada mediante la prueba NEO-FFI, e indicadores extrínsecos e intrínsecos de éxito profesional, en una muestra de 130 egresados que se encuentran en el inicio de su carrera profesional. Los resultados obtenidos en los análisis de regresión jerárquica efectuados indican que, para las medidas de éxito profesional utilizadas, la inteligencia emocional percibida muestra una relación mayor con el éxito profesional y realiza una mayor contribución a la predicción del mismo que la inteligencia general y la personalidad. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados tanto para la comunidad científica, como para la profesional, especialmente en el área de selección, formación y desarrollo de personas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abele, A. E. y Spurk, D. (2009). The longitudinal impact of self-efficacy and career goals on objective and subjective career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 53-62.
  • Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). (2007). Informe ejecutivo REFLEX. El profesional flexible en la sociedad del conocimiento: nuevas exigencias en la educación superior en Europa. [The Flexible Professional in the Knowledge Society: New Demands on Higher Education in Europe]. Madrid: Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.
  • Aguinis, H. (1995). Statistical power with moderated multiple regression in management research.  Journal of Management, 21(6), 1.141-1.158.
  • Amelang, M. y Steinmayer, R. (2006). Is there a validity increment for tests of emotional intelligence in explaining the variance of performance criteria? Intelligence, 34, 459-468.
  • Anderson, M. (1992). Intelligence. En A. P. Smith y D. M. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of Human Performance. Vol. 3. London: Academic Press.
  • Arnold, J. y Cohen, L. (2008). The Psychology of Careers in Industrial and Organizational Settings: A Critical But Appreciative Analysis. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 23, 1.
  • Arthur, M. B. y Rousseau, D. M. (1996). A career lexicon for the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 28-39.
  • Ashkanasy, N. M. y Daus, C. S. (2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 441-452.
  • Bar-On, R. (1997). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). Technical Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
  • Bar-On, R., Handley, R. y Fund, S. (2005). The impact of emotional and social intelligence on performance. In V. Druskat, F. Sala & G. Mount (Eds.), Linking emotional intelligence and performance at work: current research evidence (pp. 3-19). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Barrick, M. R. y Mount, M. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 4, 1-26.
  • Bertua, C., Anderson, N. R. y Salgado, J. (2005). The predictive validity of cognitive ability tests: A UK meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78, 387-409.
  • Bobko, P., Roth, P. L. y Potosky, D. (1999). Deviation and implications of a meta-analytic matrix incorporating cognitive ability, alternative predictors and job performance. Personnel Psychology, 52, 561-589.
  • Boudreau, J. W., Boswell, W. R. y Judge, T. A. (2001). Effects of personality on executive career success in the United States and Europe. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 53-81.
  • Boyatzis, R., Goleman, D. y Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelli- gence: Insights from the emotional competence inventory (ECI). In R. Bar-On and J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 343-362). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E. y Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional Intelligence: Implications for personal, social, academic and workplace success. Social and Personality Pyschology Compass, 5(1), 88-103.
  • Carmeli, A. (2003). The relationship between emotional intelligence and work attitudes, behavior and outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18, 788-813.
  • Cattell, R. B. y Cattell, A. K. S. (1994). Test de factor «g» de Cattell, escala 2 (forma A). Institute for Personality and Ability Testing. Adaptación al español. Madrid: TEA Ediciones, SA.
  • Cooper, D. y Robertson, I. (1995). The psychology of personnel selection: A quality approach. Burns & Oates.
  • Côté, S. y Miners, C. (2006). Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Intelligence and Job Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 1-28.
  • Daus, C. y Ashkanasy, N. (2005). The case for the ability-based model of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 453-466. doi: <10.1002/job.321>.
  • Derksen, J., Kramer, I. y Katzko, M. (2002). Does a self-report measure for emotional intelligence assess something different than general intelligence? Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 37-48.
  • Dilchert, S. y Ones, D. S. (2008). Personality and extrinsic career success: Predicting managerial salary at different organizational levels. Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie, 7, 1-23.
  • Dulewicz, V., Higgs, M. y Slaski, M. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence: content, construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18, 405-420.
  • Eby, L. T., Butts, M. y Lockwood, A. (2003). Predictors of success in the era of the boundaryless career. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 689-708.
  • Extremera, N. y Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2005). Perceived emotional intelligence and life satisfaction: Predictive and incremental validity using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 937-948.
  • Fernández-Berrocal, P., Extremera, N. y Ramos, N. (2004). Validity and reliability of the Spanish modified version of the Traid Meta-Mood Scale. Psychological Reports, 94, 751-755.
  • Ganzach, Y. (1998). Intelligence and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 526-539.
  • Gelissen, J. y De Graaf, P. (2006). Personality, social background, and occupational career success. Social Science Research, 35, 702-726.
  • Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Random House Digital, Inc.
  • Gottfredson, L. (1997). Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life. Intelligence, 24(1), 79-132.
  • Gottfredson, L. (2003). Jobs and life. In H. Nyborg (Ed.), The scientific study of general intelligence: Tribute to Arthur R. Jensen (pp. 293-342). New York: Pergamon.
  • Harms, P. y Credé, M. (2010). Emotional intelligence and transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 17, 5-17.
  • Heslin, P. (2005). Conceptualizing and evaluating career success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 113-136.
  • Hunter, J. (1986). Cognitive ability, cognitive aptitudes, job knowledge and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29(3), 340-362.
  • Hunter, J. y Hunter, R. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin, 96(1), 72.
  • Hunter, J. y Schmidt, F. (1996). Intelligence and job performance: Economic and social implications. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 2(3-4), 447.
  • Joseph, D. L. y Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 54-78. doi: <10.1037/ a0017286>.
  • Judge, T., Cable, D., Boudreau, J. y Bretz, R. (1995). An empirical investigation of the predictors of executive career success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 485-519.
  • Judge, T., Higgins, C., Thoresen, C. y Barrick, M. (1999). The Big Five personality traits, general mental ability and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52, 621-652.
  • Judge, T., Heller, D. y Mount, M. (2002). Fivefactor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 530-541.
  • Judge, T. y Hurst, C. (2007). Capitalizing on one’s advantages: role of core self-evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1.212.
  • Judge, T. y Kammeyer-Mueller, J. (2007). Personality and career success. Handbook of Career Studies, 59-78.
  • Judge, T., Klinger, R. y Simon, L. (2010). Time is on my side: Time, general mental ability, human capital and extrinsic career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 92-107.
  • Kammeyer-Mueller, J., Judge, T. y Piccolo, R. (2008). Self-esteem and extrinsic career success: Test of a dynamic model. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 204-224.
  • Kanfer, R., Ackerman, P. L. y Sternberg, R. J. (1989). Dynamics of skill acquisition: Building a bridge between intelligence and motivation. Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence, 5, 83-134.
  • Kluemper, D., De Groot, T. y Choi, S. (2013). Emotion Management Ability: Predicting Task Performance, Citizenship and Deviance. Journal of Management, 37(3), 1-28. doi: <10.1177/0149206311407326>.
  • Korman, A., Mahler, S. y Omran, K. (1983). Work ethics and satisfaction, alienation and other reactions. Handbook of Vocational Psychology, 2, 181-206.
  • Lau, V. y Shaffer, M. (1999). Career success: The effects of personality. Career Development International, 4(4), 225-230.
  • Law, K., Wong, C. y Song, L. (2004). The Construct and Criterion Validity of Emotional Intelligence and Its Potential Utility for Management Studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483-496.
  • Lyons, J. y Schneider, T. (2005). The influence of emotional intelligence on performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(4), 693- 703. doi: <10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.018>.
  • Mayer, J. y Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey and D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (pp. 3-31). New York: Basic Books.
  • Mayer, J., Salovey, P. y Caruso, D. (2000). Competing models of emotional intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of human intelligence (2.ª ed., pp. 396-420). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mayer, J., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. y Sitarenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence. Emotion, 1(3), 232-242. doi: <10.1037/1528>.
  • McHenry, J., Hough, L., Toquam, J., Hanson, M. y Ashworth, S. (1990). Project A validity results: The relationship between predictor and criterion domains. Personnel Psychology, 43, 335-354. doi: <10.1111/j.1744- 6570.1990.tb01562.x>.
  • Mount, M. y Barrick, M. (1995). The Big Five personality dimensions: Implications for research and practice in human resources management. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 13(3), 153-200.
  • Moutafi, J., Furnham, A. y Tsaousis, I. (2006). Is the relationship between intelligence and trait Neuroticism mediated by test anxiety? Personality and Individual Differences, 40(3), 587- 597. doi: <10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.004>.
  • Ng, W., Eby, L., Sorensen, K. y Feldman, D. (2005). Predictors of objective and subjective career success. A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 58, 367-408.
  • Nyhus, E. y Pons, E. (2005). The effects of personality on earnings. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26, 363-384.
  • O’Boyle, E., Humphrey, R., Pollack, J., Hawver, T. y Story, P. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 788-818.
  • O’Reilly, C. y Chatman, J. (1994). Working smarter and harder: a longitudinal study of managerial success. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, 603-627.
  • Petrides, K., Pita, R. y Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 273-279. doi: <10.1348/000712606X120618>.
  • Rode, J., Arthaud-Day, M., Mooney, C., Near, J. y Baldwin, T. (2008). Ability and Personality Predictors of Salary, Perceived Job Success and Perceived Career Success in the Initial Career Stage. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 16(3), 292-299.
  • Salgado, J. (1998). Big Five personality dimensions and job performance in army and civil occupations: a European perspective. Human Performance, 11, 271-288.
  • Salgado, J., Moscoso, S., De Fruyt, F., Anderson, N., Bertua, C. y Rolland, J. (2003). A Meta-Analytic Study of General Mental Ability Validity for Different Occupations in the European Community. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(6), 1.068-1.081.
  • Salovey, P. y Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185-211.
  • Salovey, P., Mayer, J., Goldman, S., Turvey, C. y Palfai, T. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Salvador, M. (2008). Impacto de la IE percibida en la autoeficacia emprendedora [Impact of perceived EI on entrepreneurial self-efficacy]. Boletín de Psicología, 92, 65-80.
  • Schmidt, F. y Hunter, J. (1998). The Validity and Utility of Selection Methods in Personnel Psychology: Practical and Theoretical Implications of 85 Years of Research Findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 262-274.
  • Schmidt, F. y Hunter, J. (2004). General mental ability in the world of work: Occupational attainment and job performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 162-173.
  • Schmidt, F., Ones, D. y Hunter, J. (1992). Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 627-670.
  • Schneider, R. y Hough, L. (1995). Personality and industrial/organizational psychology. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10, 75-129. Chichester, NY: Wiley.
  • Schomburg, H. y Teichler, U. (2003). CHEERS Project Results. Resultados del proyecto europeo «La educación superior y el empleo de los graduados universitarios en Europa». Recuperado de <http://www.uni-kassel.de/ wz1/proj/edwork/mat/manual_es.pdf> (consultado el 20 de abril de 2012).
  • Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Hall, L., Haggerty, D., Cooper, J., Golden, C. y Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167-177.
  • Seibert, S. y Kraimer, M. (2001). The five-factor model of personality and career success. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 1-21.
  • Seibert, S., Kraimer, M. y Liden, R. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219-247.
  • Sevinc, L. (2001). The effect of emotional intelligence on career success: Research on the graduates of Business Administration Faculty of Istambul University in 1990. Unpublisheed master’s thesis. Universidad de Estambul.
  • Spurk, D. y Abele, A. (2011). Who earns more and why? A multiple mediation model from personality to salary. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 87-103.
  • Thorndike, E. (1920). Intelligence and its uses. Harper’s Magazine.
  • Van der Linden, D., Te Nijenhuis, J. y Bakker, A. (2010). The general factor of personality: A meta-analysis of Big Five intercorrelations and a criterion-related validity study. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 315-327.
  • Van der Zee, K., Thijs, M. y Schakel, L. (2002). The relationship of emotional intelligence with academic intelligence and the Big Five. European Journal of Personality, 16(2), 103-125.
  • Van Rooy, D. y Viswesvaran, C. (2004). Emotional intelligence: A meta analytic investigation of predictive validity and nomological net. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65, 71-95.
  • Viswesvaran, C. y Ones, D. (2000). Measurement error in «Big Five Factors» personality assessment: Reliability generalization across studies and measures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(2), 224-235.
  • Wilk, S., Desmarais, L. y Sackett, P. (1995). Gravitation to jobs commensurate with ability: Longitudinal and cross-sectional tests. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 79.
  • Williams, R. (2003). Rendimiento del personal: diseño, implantación y gestión. Thomson-Paraninfo.
  • Zhang, Z. y Arvey, R. (2009). Effects of personality on individual earnings: Leadership role occupancy as a mediator. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(3), 271-280. doi: <10.1007/s10869-009-9105-5>.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet