Ejercicio físico para la mejora de la diástasis abdominal y musculatura del suelo pélvico durante el embarazo y el postparto. Una revisión narrativa

Resum

During pregnancy, both physical and psychological changes occur in women. In some cases, these changes can lead to certain problems, such as abdominal diastasis (AD) and weakness of the pelvic floor muscles (MSP). These problems can be prevented and treated through adequate physical training. However, despite the proven benefits of physical exercise on these problems, there is still a lack of knowledge about the most effective strategies. The objective of this study was to analyze and establish the most recommended exercises for the prevention and treatment of AD and strengthening of the MSP, during pregnancy and postpartum. A narrative review is presented, utilizing the PubMed, Dialnet and Scopus databases in the search process. Included in the selection of studies for narrative analysis are those published between 2012 and 2022. The results of this review conclude that the training the deep abdominal muscles, based on the Kegel exercises and hypopressive gymnastics, are some of the most effective methods to reduce the distance between both recti, and even eliminate the pathology, improving conditions of the PSM (urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse) and, thus the quality of life of pregnant women.