Integridad del paisaje y riesgos de degradación del hábitat del jaguar (Panthera onca) en áreas ganaderas de las tierras bajas de Santa Cruz, Bolivia

  1. Oswaldo Maillard 1
  2. Sixto Angulo 1
  3. Roberto Vides-Almonacid 1
  4. Damián Rumiz 2
  5. Peter Vogt 3
  6. Octavio Monroy-Vilchis 4
  7. Hermes Justiniano 1
  8. Huáscar Azurduy 1
  9. Roger Coronado 1
  10. Claudia Venegas 2
  11. Rosa Leny Cuellar 1
  12. Rossy Montaño 1
  1. 1 Fundación para la Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano (FCBC)
  2. 2 Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado
  3. 3 Joint Research Centre
    info

    Joint Research Centre

    Bruselas, Bélgica

  4. 4 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas
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Journal:
Ecología en Bolivia: revista del Instituto de Ecología

ISSN: 1605-2528

Year of publication: 2020

Volume: 55

Issue: 2

Pages: 94-110

Type: Article

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More publications in: Ecología en Bolivia: revista del Instituto de Ecología

Abstract

Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to the jaguar. In this analysis, we present an assessment of the integrity of the landscape and the risks of habitat degradation in the lowlands of the department of Santa Cruz, with an emphasis on cattle ranching properties. We identified the fragmentation of natural cover and structural connectivity for the years 1986, 2010 and 2016. We estimated the distribution of the jaguar habitat and a projection of its reduction until 2046. Habitat degradation was quantified by mapping the occurrence of grassland burns and forest fires in the period 2001-2019. We identified habitat corridors among protected areas based on the least-cost movement routes and reviewed the limits of Santa Cruz' JCUs (Jaguar Conservation Units) proposed in 2007. We found that habitat fragmentation at the property scale increased in some areas and decreased in others, while structural connectivity decreased mainly due to forest loss in the Northwestern Chaco sector and to conversion of non-forested areas in the Central Chiquitano sector. We estimated that the habitat of the jaguar for the entire department is 26.3 MM ha, with a projected reduction to 13.7 MM ha by the year 2046. The cattle ranches with the highest concentration of habitat are located in Chiquitano Central (1.4 MM ha). In 19 years, fire affected 42% of the habitat mainly in 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2019. We propose seven JCUs in different biogeographical sectors for the department. We also identified 39 connectors of 5.8 MM ha between protected areas, consisting mainly of potential jaguar habitat (68.9%) and involving 5,696 cattle properties.

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