Crisis económica del 2008 y Estado de bienestar. El caso de la provincia de Cádiz

Resumo

Against all odds, in which the concern at the end of the 20th century was none otherthan the effect 2000 (Saugar, 1999), the 21st century presents itself with one of the harshest economic crises that humanity has ever experienced and that put on alert To governments around the world, the 21st century is being characterized by successions of different crises (Tessore and Petrella, 2020), beginning with the economic crisis of 2008 and reaching our days with the health crisis of COVID_19 or the economic crisis caused by the war in Ukraine. From this work and through its theoretical framework, a journey is made through each and every one of the most pernicious effects that the 2008 economic crisis produced in the population, where the causes and meanings of these consequences are detailed at the same time that it is investigated about effects and changes. Poverty and health are also studied, but above all the welfare state is studied in depth as a guarantor of the quality of life of citizens, citizens who acquire a different identity in the face of the economic crisis of 2008 and the welfare state. Likewise, research has been carried out on citizens, their transformations, their changes, their adaptations, their resilience and the new social movements and their groups have been explored, all for the sake of studying the relationship between the economic crisis of 2008 and the Welfare state in a specific scenario. The province of Cadiz. With more than 7.000 km² and 1.200.000 inhabitants, the province of Cadiz is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula and in whose geographic demarcation is the British colony of Gibraltar, and only 14 km from the African coast, which, due to its location, constitutes, its historical evolution and its complex relationships with other spaces and civilizations, a cultural reality with its own identity. The location between two continents, the African and the European, and its strategic location between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean has allowed its inhabitants to develop an important commercial activity throughout its history, a development that has been transferred to its population. It can be said that a set of natural and cultural circumstances have shaped different natural and socio-cultural identities, its geographical analysis helped us to present a study with a unified character and a nonrigid structure, using it to understand and analyze the global reality of the province of Cádiz. The use of a hybrid research technique based on in-depth interviews and the development of two focus groups together with the ethnography of the researcher/interviewer/mediator has allowed us to develop a triangulation process at the same time that we have empowered our research. The methodological approach and framework, the design of the study, and the research process have been developed explaining the purpose and justification where we have accredited our position on the application of qualitative methodology in the study. To organize and support the qualitative analysis of the texts, we have relied on the computer programs MAXQDA and Microsoft Excel. The characteristics and the most significant points that define this type of methodology have also been described, the development of the sample and the selection of participants have been explained, in which, in addition, the data collection technique is justified and described and the procedure for conducting and preparing interview scripts and observation records, based on the completion of a previous pilot study. Ethical issues and quality protocols used in the development of research have also been developed. In addition, the process of field work, data collection is explained and finally, the strategy and plan followed for the analysis and interpretation of the results are detailed, said results, obtained after analyzing the proposed interviews, that convey the perceptions and opinions of the participants on the issues raised in the study in relation to the economic and health crises and their effect on the welfare state. 1403 codings are made to 21 interviews. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between the economic crisis of 2008 and the welfare state in the province of Cádiz. As well as identify and describe those experiences that gave answers to the research questions. The main findings of this study are discussed in detail in relation to those convergent and divergent aspects reported in the review of the literature, the data and results found in the investigation were simply intertwined with the data or information of the theoretical base and the background. Likewise, possible explanations for the findings of this research have even been discussed. Finally, the conclusions of the investigation are reflected, in it the keys that have been obtained are summarized, as well as the proposals of the researcher himself. In short, the research has fulfilled the objective with which it was carried out, since it shows the relationship between the economic crisis of 2008 and the welfare state in the province of Cádiz, its contribution being a material of great value forthe theoretical field. and future research.