Planificación dietético-nutricional para una prueba de mountain bike de XCOestudio de caso

  1. Lars Fernández Rodríguez
  2. Javier Olaya Cuartero
  3. José Miguel Martínez-Sanz
Aldizkaria:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Argitalpen urtea: 2022

Zenbakia: 44

Orrialdeak: 209-220

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Laburpena

Cross Country is a modality of mountain bike cycling (MTB), whose competitions are characterized by giving a certain number of laps to a circuit with a distance from 6-9km to 40-200km. In these events, it is important to plan a dietetic-nutritional strategy to mitigate the appearance of nutrition-related adverse outcomes. The purpose of the study was to plan the dietetic-nutritional planning of a MTB cyclist who competes in a Cross Country competition. The cyclist is a 27-year-old male (VO2max=74.46 ml•kg-1•min-1; MAP=420W; height=1.81m; weight=78.6kg; % fat mass=9.47; sum of 8 skinfolds=61.9mm) with 3 years of experience in training and competing in MTB events at a regional level. The intervention took place in the Alinua cabinet of the University of Alicante, whose purpose was to improve the body composition and to elaborate a dietetic-nutritional program to dispute a MTB race on 23-2-2020 in the province of Alicante. The intervention included the recommendations for endurance athletes and was divided into a preparation period, a period of 3 weeks before the race and a competitive period. Finally, the participant successfully completed the race according to the planning and did not manifest any problems. For a cyclist, facing an event of these characteristics successfully requires theoretical-practical advice and dietary-nutritional programming in an individualized way that tries to contribute at a nutritional level before, during and after physical exercise, as well as to reduce the possible appearance of setbacks that may jeopardize performance and health.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Ainsworth, B. E., Haskell, W. L., Herrmann, S. D., Meckes, N., Jr, D. R. B., Tudor-locke, C., Greer, J. L., Vezina, J., Whitt-glover, M. C., & Leon, A. S. (2011). Second Update of Codes and MET Values. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1575– 1581. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31821ece12
  • Alvero Cruz, J. R., Cabañas-Armesilla, M. dolores, Martinez-Riaza, A., & Moreno-Pascual, C. (2009). Protocolo de valoración de la composición corporal para el reconocimiento médicodeportivo. Documento de consenso del grupo español de cineantropometría de la federación española de medicina del deporte. Archivos de Medicina Del Deporte, 26(131), 166–179.
  • American Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration ofHelsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 2191–2194. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.28105
  • Banister. (1980). Planning for future performance: implications for long term training. Canadian Journal of Applied of Sport Sciences. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6778623/
  • Barrero, A., Chaverri, D., Erola, P., Iglesias, X., & Rodríguez, F. A. (2014). Intensity profile during an ultra-endurance triathlon in relation to testing and performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(14), 1170–1178. https://doi.org/ 10.1055/s-0034-1374601
  • Beck, K., Thomson, J. S., Swift, R. J., & von Hurst, P. R. (2015). Role of nutrition in performance enhancement and postexercise recovery. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 6, 259–267. https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s33605
  • Bellido-Linares, V. (2019). Determinación de los perfiles de sensibilización polínica y relevancia clínica de los alergenos de alimentos en pacientes polínicos sensibilizados a profilina. Sevilla.
  • Benito, P., & Calvos, S. (2013). Alimentación y nutrición en la vida activa: ejercicio físico y deporte. Berardi, J. M., Noreen, E. E., & Lemon, P. W. R. (2008). Recovery from a cycling time trial is enhanced with carbohydrate-protein supplementation vs. isoenergetic carbohydrate supplementation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 11, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783- 5-24
  • Buckley, J. D., Thomson, R. L., Coates, A. M., Howe, P. R. C., Denichilo, M. O., & Rowney, M. K. (2010). Supplementation with a whey protein hydrolysate enhances recovery of muscle force-generating capacity following eccentric exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13, 178–181. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.007
  • Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Morton, J. P., Stellingwerff, T., & Maughan, R. J. (2018). Toward a Common Understanding of Diet – Exercise Strategies to Manipulate Fuel Availability for Training and Competition Preparation in Endurance Sport. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28, 451–463.
  • Burke, L. M., Ross, M. L., Garvican-lewis, L. A., Welvaert, M., Ida, A., Forbes, S. G., Mirtschin, J. G., Cato, L. E., Strobel, N., & Avish, P. (2017). Low Carbohydrate, High Fat diet impairs exercise economy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in elite race walkers. The Journal of Physiology, 1–61. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273230
  • Cardona, C., Cejuela, R., & Esteve-Lanao, J. (2019). Manual para entrenar deportes de resistencia. All in your mind.
  • Esparza-Ros F, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, Marfell-Jones M. Protocolo Internacional Para La Valoración Antropométrica. (UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, ed.). Sociedad Internacional para el Avance de la Cineantropometría; 2019.
  • Forbes, S. C., Candow, D. G., Smith-ryan, A. E., Hirsch, K. R., Roberts, M. D., Vandusseldorp, T. A., Stratton, M. T., Kaviani, M., & Little, J. P. (2020). Supplements and nutritional interventions to augment high-intensity interval training physiological and performance adaptations — A narrative review. Nutrients, 12(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu12020390
  • González-Haro, C., Galilea, P. A., González-de-Suso, J. M., Drobnic, F., & Escanero, J. F. (2007). Maximal lipidic power in high competitive level triathletes and cyclists. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bjsm.2006.029603
  • Harrison, S., Carbonneau, É., Talbot, D., Lemieux, S., & Lamarche, B. (2018). Development and validation of a dietary screener for carbohydrate intake in endurance athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15, 4–9.
  • Harvey, K. L., Holcomb, L. E., & Kolwicz, S. C. (2019). Ketogenic Diets and Exercise Performance. Nutrients, 11, 1–16. Impellizzeri, F. M., & Marcora, S. M. (2007). The Physiology of Mountain Biking. Sports Medicine, 37(1), 59–71.
  • Jeukendrup, A. (2011). Nutrition for endurance sports: Marathon, triathlon, and road cycling. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(SUPPL. 1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02640414.2011.610348 Jeukendrup, A. (2017). Training the Gut for Athletes. Sports Medicine, 47(s1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279- 017-0690-6
  • Kerksick, C. M., Wilborn, C. D., Roberts, M. D., Smith-Ryan, A., Kleiner, S. M., Jäger, R., Collins, R., Cooke, M., Davis, J. N., Galvan, E., Greenwood, M., Lowery, L. M., Wildman, R., Antonio, J., & Kreider, R. B. (2018). ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: Research & recommendations. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 1–57. https:/ /doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y
  • Lucía A., Carvajal, A., & Chicharro, J. L. (1999). Heart Rate Response to Professional Road Cycling: The Tour de France. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 167–172.
  • Masson, G., & Benoît, L. (2016). Many Non-elite Endurance Multisport Athletes Do Not Meet Sports Nutritional Recommendations for Carbohydrates. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 7, 1–29.
  • Mata, F., Valenzuela, P. L., Giménez, J., Tur, C., Ferreria, D., Domínguez, R., Sanchez-Oliver, A. J., & Martínez-Sanz, J. M. M. (2019). Carbohydrate availability and physical performance: physiological overview and practical recommendations. Nutrients, 11(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu11051084
  • Mujika, I. (2019). Case study: Long-term low-carbohydrate, highfat diet impairs performance and subjective well-being in a world-class vegetarian long-distance triathlete. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(3), 339– 344. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0124
  • Muñoz, I., Cejuela, R., Seiler, S., Larumbe, E., & Esteve-Lanao, J. (2014). Training-intensity distribution during an ironman season: Relationship with competition performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(2), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0352
  • Pallarés, J. G., Morán-Navarro, R., Ortega, J. F., Fernández-Elías, V. E., & Mora-Rodriguez, R. (2016). Validity and reliability of ventilatory and blood lactate thresholds in well-trained cyclists. PloS one, 11(9), e0163389.
  • Pallarés, J., & Morán-Navarro, R. (2012). Methodological Approach To the Cardiorespiratory Endurance Training. Journal of Sport and Health Research 119, 4(2), 119–136.
  • Ryan, M. (2016). Nutrición deportiva para deportistas de resistencia (Paidotribo).
  • Schumacher, Y. O., & Mueller, P. (2002). The 4000-m team pursuit cycling world record: theoretical and practical aspects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(6), 1029-1036.
  • Stapelfeldt, B., Schwirtz, A., Schumacher, Y. O., & Hillebrecht, M. (2004). Workload Demands in Mountain Bike Racing. International Journal Sports Medicine, 25(4), 294–300. https:// doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-819937
  • Steinmuller, P. L., Kruskall, L. J., Karpinski, C. A., Manore, M. M., Macedonio, M. A., & Meyer, N. L. (2014). Academy of nutrition and dietetics: Revised 2014 standards of practice and standards of professional performance for registered dietitian nutritionists (competent, proficient, and expert) in sports nutrition and dietetics. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(4), 631-641.e43. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jand.2013.12.021
  • Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 116(3), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jand.2015.12.006
  • Treff, G., Winkert, K., Sareban, M., Steinacker, J. M., & Sperlich, B. (2019). The polarization-index: a simple calculation to distinguish polarized from non-polarized training intensity distributions. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 707.
  • Tsekouras, Y. E., Tambalis, K. D., Sarras, S. E., Antoniou, A. K., Kokkinos, P., & Sidossis, L. S. (2019). Validity and Reliability of the New Portable Metabolic Analyzer PNOE. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 1, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fspor.2019.00024
  • Urdampilleta, A., Martínez-Sanz, J.M., Julia-Sanchez, S., ÁlvarezHerms, J. (2013). Protocolo de hidratación antes, durante y después de la actividad físico-deportiva. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 57–76.
  • Vitale, K., & Getzin, A. (2019). Nutrition and supplement update for the endurance athlete: Review and recommendations. Nutrients, 11(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu11061289
  • Waterman, J. J., & Kapur, R. (2012). Upper Gastrointestinal Issues in Athletes. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 99–10
  • Doherty, M., Nobbs, L., & Noakes, T. D. (2003). Low frequency of the «plateau phenomenon» during maximal exercise in elite British athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89, 619–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-003-0845-z