La caracterización musical transmedia de las identidades juvenilesel caso de la serie Stranger Things
-
1
Universitat d'Alacant
info
ISSN: 2172-9077
Ano de publicación: 2020
Título do exemplar: Adolescentes en serie. Jóvenes protagonistas en la ficción televisiva
Número: 21
Páxinas: 87-105
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Fonseca, Journal of Communication
Resumo
Audio-visual productions, such as television series, use youth stereotypes that reflect reality and simultaneously construct it by disseminating simplified models that are used as codes for social labelling. Social types are characterized by a set of personal traits, social environment, clothing, lifestyle, etc. In the characterization of the characters, the use of musical re-sources has been studied to a lesser extent. The series «Stranger Things» stood out especially for the use of diegetic and extradiegetic music both in the period setting and in the characterization of characters. In characterizing characters, it offers a special case of the use of transmedia resources that humanizes them and intensifies the emotional connection with the audience. Netflix and Spotify designed and published playlists of their characters including musical styles that characterized them. We analyse here the playlists of adolescents and young people in Strange Things, exploring, through correspondence analysis, what styles characterized them and what type of adolescent and young person they described. The analysis operatively triangulates the audio-visual characterization with the musical one. The types of young people are divided into two cleavages: the first is race (defines two types) and the second is the degree of social adjustment (de-fines four types of young adolescent).
Referencias bibliográficas
- Alaminos, A., Francés, F., Penalva, C., y Santacreu, O. (2015). Análisis multivariante para las Ciencias Sociales I. PYDLOS. Cuenca (Ec).
- Alaminos-Fernández, A. F. (2019). La realidad aumentada. Música y comunicación en la sociedad de consumo. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Alicante. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/103127
- Alaminos-Fernández, A. F. (2016). Estados de ánimo y las listas de reproducción en streaming en Spoti-fy. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/71633
- Alaminos-Fernández, A. F. (2014). La música como lenguaje de las emociones. Un análisis empírico de su capacidad performativa. OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales. 9(1): 15-42. doi:10.14198/OBETS2014.9.1.01
- Gordon, W. A. (1979). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing.
- Binder, A. (1993). Constructing Racial Rhetoric: Media Depictions of Harm in Heavy Metal and Rap Music. American Sociological Review, 58(6), 753-767.
- Blacking, J. (1995). Music, Culture, & Experience. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
- Brigham, J. C. (1971). Ethnic stereotypes. Psychological bulletin, 76(1), 15.
- Bryson, B. (1996). "Anything But Heavy Metal": Symbolic Exclusion and Musical Dislikes. American Sociological Review, 61(5), 884-899.
- Burkholder, Grout, Palisca (2010). A History of Western Music. NY: Norton
- Chaney, D. (1993) Fictions of Collective Life: Public Drama in Late Modern Culture, Routledge, London.
- Chaney, D. (1994) The Cultural Turn: Scene Setting Essays on Contemporary Cultural History, Routledge, Lon-don.
- Chaney, D. (1996) Lifestyles, Routledge, London.
- DeNora, T. (1999) ‘Music as a Technology of Self’, Poetics 27: 31-56.
- DeNora, T. (2000). Music in Everyday Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dolfsma, W. (1999) ‘The Consumption of Music and the Expression of Values: A Social Economic Explanation for the Advent of Pop Music’, American Journal of Economics and Sociology 58: 1019-1046.
- Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York: Norton.
- Fox, W. S. and Wince, M. H. (1975) Musical Taste Cultures and Taste Publics, Youth and Society 7: 198-224.
- Frith, S. (1981). Sound effects; youth, leisure, and the politics of rock'n'roll. New York: Pantheon.
- Galán, E. (2006). Personajes, estereotipos y representaciones sociales. Una propuesta de estudio y análisis de la ficción televisiva. Revista ECO-PÓS, 9(1), 58-81.
- Gigerenzer, G. (1993) ‘The Superego, the Ego, and the Id in Statistical Reasoning’, in G. Keren and C. Lewis (eds) A Handbook for Data Analysis in the Behavioral Sciences: Methodological Issues, pp. 311-339). New Jersey: Erlbaum.
- Grenier, L. (1990). The Construction of Music as a Social Phenomenon: Implications for Deconstruc-tion. Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes, 10 (2), 27–47.
- Hargreaves, D. J., Miell, D., & MacDonald, R. A. R. (2002). What are musical identities, and why are they important? In R. A. R. MacDonald, D. J. Hargreaves & D. Miell (Eds.), Musical Identities (pp. 1-20). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hebdige, D. (1976) "The Meaning of Mod" in S. Hall and T. Jefferson (eds.) Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain, Hutchinson, London.
- Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture. The Meaning of Style. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
- Jenkins, H. (2003). Transmedia Storytelling: Moving characters from books to films to video games can make them stronger. MIT Technology Review. Recuperado el 1 de septiembre de 2020, de: https://www.technologyreview.com/2003/01/15/234540/transmedia-storytelling/ Consulta: 10/06/2019
- Jones, E. E., Wood, G. C., y Quattrone, G. A. (1981). Perceived variability of personal characteristics in in-groups and outgroups: The role of knowledge and evaluations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7 (3), 523-528.
- Kamien, R. (2008) Music: An Appreciation, Boston: McGraw-Hill
- Katz, D., y Braly, K. (1933). Racial stereotypes in one Hundred college students. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 28, 280-290.
- Kenny, D. A. (1994) Interpersonal Perception: A Social Relations Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.
- Knobloch, S., Vorderer, P., & Zillmann, D. (2000). The impact of music preferences on the perception of potential friends in adolescence. Zeitschrift Fur Sozialpsychologie, 31(1), 18-30.
- LeBlanc, A., Sims, W. L., Siivola, C. and Obert, M. (1996) Music Style Preferences of Different Age Lis-teners, Journal of Research in Music Education 44: 49-59.
- Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt Brace.
- Little, P. and Zuckerman, M. (1986) Sensation Seeking and Music Preferences. Personality and Individual Differences 7: 575-577.
- Maffesoli, M. (1996) The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society Sage, London.
- North, A. C. and Hargreaves, D. J. (1999) Music and Adolescent Identity, Music Education Research 1: 75-92.
- North, A. C., Hargreaves, D. J. and O’Neill, S. A. (2000) The Importance of Music to Adolescents, British Journal of Educational Psychology 70: 255-272.
- Park, B., y Hastie, R. (1987). Perception of variability in category development: Instance versus abstrac-tion-based stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53 (4), 621-635.
- Park, B., y Rothbart, M. (1982). Perception of out-group homogeneity and levels of social categorization: Memory for the subordinate attributes of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42 (6), 1051-1068.
- Quattrone, G. A., Jones, E. E. (1980). The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups: Implications for the law of small numbers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38 (1), 141-152.
- Raya-Bravo, I., Sánchez-Labella, I., y Durán, V. (2018). La construcción de los personajes protagonistas en las series de Netflix: el perfil del adolescente en 13 Reasons Why y en Atypical. Comunicación y Medios, 27 (37), 131-143. Doi:10.5354/0719-1529.2018.48631
- Rentfrow P y Gosling S. (2007) The content and validity of music-genre stereotypes among college stu-dents. Psicology of music. 35 (2): 306-326.
- Rentfrow, P. J. and Gosling, S. D. (2003) The Do-Re-Mi’s of Everyday Life: The Structure and Personali-ty Correlates of Music Preferences, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84: 1236-1256.
- Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2006). Message in a ballad - The role of music preferences in interper-sonal perception. Psychological Science, 17(3), 236-242.
- Rose,T. (1994) Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Hanover, MA: Wesleyan University Press.
- Ross, S. M. y Stein, L. E. (eds.) (2008). Teen Television: essays on programming and fandom. Jefferson: McFar-land y Company Publishers.
- Ryan, C. S., Judd, C. M., y Park, B. (1996). Effects of racial stereotypes on judgments of individuals: The moderating role of perceived group variability. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 32 (1), 71-103.
- Shields, R. (1992) Spaces for the Subject of Consumption, in R. Shields (ed.) Lifestyle Shopping: The Subject of Consumption, Routledge, London.
- Sloboda, J.A., O'Neill, S.A. (2001). Emotions in everyday listening to music. In Juslin, P., Sloboda, J. (Eds.), Music and emotion: Theory and research (pp. 415–429). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Tarrant, M. (2002). Adolescent peer groups and social identity. Social Development, 11(1), 110-123.
- Tarrant, M., North, A. C., Edridge, M. D., Kirk, L. E., Smith, E. A. and Turner, R. E. (2001) Social Iden-tity in Adolescence, Journal of Adolescence 24: 597-609.
- Tarrant, M., North, A. C. and Hargreaves, D. J. (2000) ‘English and American Adolescents’ Reasons for Listening to Music’, Psychology of Music 28: 166-173.
- Tarrant, M., North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (2001). Social categorization, self-esteem, and the estimat-ed musical preferences of male adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 141(5), 565-581.
- Tarrant, M., North, A. C., & Hargreaves, D. J. (2002). Youth identity and music. In R. A. R. MacDonald, D. J. Hargreaves & D. Miell (Eds.), Musical Identities (pp. 134-150). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Van der Merwe, P. (1989) Origins of the popular style: the antecedents of twentieth-century popular music. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Van Eijck, K. (2001) Social Differentiation in Musical Taste Patterns, Social Forces 79: 1163-1184.
- Vanbeselaere, N. (1991). The impact of ingroup and out-group homogeneity / heterogeneity upon inter-group relations. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12 (3), 291-301.
- Voci, A. (2000). Perceived group variability and the salience of personnal and social identity. European Review of Social Psychology, 11, 177-221.
- Wilder, D. A. (1986). Cognitive factors affecting the success of intergroup contact, in S. Worchel et W. Austin (Edit.), Psychology of intergroup relations, Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 49-66.
- Zillmann, D. and Bhatia, A. (1989) Effects of Associating with Musical Genres on Heterosexual Attrac-tion. Communication Research 16: 263-288.