Viviendas perfectibles, flexibles y eficientesedificios sostenibles

Resumen

Most people live in houses designed for a traditional cohabitation model where their distribution prevents the compatibility of the workspaces and housing or generate stays that facilitate the independence of their inhabitants if they decide to share the house. The family changes and the house remains the same. Homes do not change with users even if their users are different. The perfectible home allows the improvement and evolution of it without having to reject any of the existing. The house changes with the user and allows its evolution by incorporating technical floors and acoustic mobile walls that allow us to mofify the partitions and spaces to our liking. The flexible housing adapts easily to the changes that occur over time and allows us to change size without having an impact on the shape of the building. "The solution to address the necessary diversity of housing types lies in developing flexibility mechanisms" (Montaner, Muxi, 2006). The strategies to be implemented in perfectible, flexible and efficient housing are:: 322 A modular structure known as Compact Technical Floor (STC), composed of a channel mesh that is embedded in the regrowth that is made on the floor and through which the different installations are driven. A system of Acoustic Sliding Partitions that move through a series of guides on the ceiling, allowing to modify the dimensions of each room according to the needs of the user. The Kitchen Furniture (modular) equipped with a technical wall through which the facilities are conducted, allowing together with the technical floors, its location anywhere in the house. The Bathroom Fittings Furniture, set of modular elements, not linked to space and that are installed very easy. Parts can be fed from the technical floor through a technical wall that can be converted into a shelf or enclosure. The Perfectible Facade, based on a self-supporting aluminium preframe that allows to divide the space between slabs into vertical and horizontal partitions. Designed to progressively incorporate new features, it can evolve and adapt to the needs of the users of the houses. To design efficient housing, active bioclimatic resources such as: The placement on the facades of adjustable slats, eaves and protrusions of the buildings, which means saving energy consumption, reducing of solar radiation and CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Project double skin building envelopes, ventilated facade, favors good ventilation of the wall. The green facade, considered as a space that recovers the ecological footprint of the building, works as a thermal, acoustic insulation and reduces CO2. Cross ventilation allows air circulation between two facades of different orientations. The active resources to consider are: Reuse of rainwater, as a water saving strategy in the building. Thermal energy for sanitary hot water (ACS) and heating. Production system that provides up to 30% of sanitary hot water (ACS). Solar photovoltaic energy, placing the solar panels mainly on the south-facing facades in order to promote solar capture. Other renewable energy sources are wind energy, using vertical axis wind turbines and geothermal energy. Recycling of urban waste must also be taken into account, especially through the pneumatic system. It is proposed in this article to project new housing models that take into mind the changing needs of the user, so it is essential to incorporate in the design strategies related to flexibility and diversity as well as passive and active strategies in order to achieve perfectible, flexible and energy-efficient housing.