Revisión sistemática de programas de prevención del suicidio en adolescentes de población comunitaria

  1. Victoria Soto-Sanz 1
  2. David Ivorra-González 1
  3. Jordi Alonso 2
  4. Pere Castellvi 3
  5. Jesús Rodriguez-Marín 1
  6. José Antonio Piqueras 1
  1. 1 Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, España
  2. 2 Universidad Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, España
  3. 3 Universidad de Jaén, España
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Revista:
Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

ISSN: 2340-8340

Any de publicació: 2019

Títol de l'exemplar: Prevención en psicología clínica y de la salud infanto-juvenil

Volum: 6

Número: 3

Pàgines: 62-75

Tipus: Article

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Altres publicacions en: Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes

Resum

Durante los últimos años ha habido un aumento en el suicidio en población de 12 a 25 años, siendo la segunda causa de fallecimiento en este grupo etario. La aplicación de programas de prevención en esta población es posible y eficaz. Hasta la fecha se han llevado a cabo diferentes programas de prevención en población adolescente comunitaria, la mayoría con cierta heterogeneidad en los resultados. Por ello, el presente artículo aborda una revisión de los programas de prevención a nivel internacional en esta población, con la finalidad de conocer su eficacia. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados en diferentes bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron; (a) artículos que midieran la eficacia del programa de prevención primaria del suicidio; (b) dirigidos a muestra de 0 a 20 años; (c) que incluyeran ideación y/o intento de suicidio; (d) en inglés o español; (e) muestras mayores a 1; (f) en cualquier ámbito de actuación. Con ello se obtuvo un total de 37 estudios. Tras la intervención se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en comportamientos de suicidio, depresión, conocimiento sobre suicidio, desesperanza, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol y drogas, factores familiares y sociales, habilidades de afrontamiento y malestar. Finalmente, aunque hay resultados positivos tras las intervenciones, fueron pocos los que aportaron información suficiente para valorar dicha eficacia en relación con el tamaño del efecto de la intervención y aleatorización de la muestra. Por tanto, aunque estos programas pueden servir de apoyo, todavía es necesario seguir investigando al respecto

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