Factores de éxito en el emprendimiento femenino turístico rural en Costa Rica

  1. Merlyn Gutiérrez Cruz 1
  2. María Jesús Such Devesa 1
  3. Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Alcalá
    info

    Universidad de Alcalá

    Alcalá de Henares, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04pmn0e78

  2. 2 Universidad Internacional
    info

    Universidad Internacional

    Ciudad de México, México

    ROR https://ror.org/00cxp1a86

Revista:
Investigaciones Turísticas

ISSN: 2174-5609

Any de publicació: 2021

Número: 22

Pàgines: 148-175

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.14198/INTURI2021.22.7 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openRUA editor

Altres publicacions en: Investigaciones Turísticas

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

This research article aims to define the profile of Costa Rican women entrepreneurs in the rural tourism sector and to determine whether their characteristics and those of their ventures are related to their performance. A mixed methodology has been adopted based on semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The results highlight the importance of family support and contact networks as essential elements for the development of successful enterprises. Family and networks provide two essential elements for the success of women entrepreneurs: access to finance and the formalization of their business. It is particularly important to point out the contribution of this research to the under-studied field of rural entrepreneurs, given their contributions to reducing poverty for which access to information has traditionally been very limited

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Ahl, H., Berglund, K., Pettersson, K., Sköld, B., y Tillmar, M. (2017, Noviembre 15-17). Entrepreneurship in rural areas: The role of women? Presentado en Conferencia RENT. Lund, Sweden. Recuperado de https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/127244/1/RENT_E_ship_in_rural_areas_the_role_of_women.pdf
  • Aldrich, H., y Zimmer, C. (1986). Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks. En D. Sexton y R. Smilor (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship (pp. 3-23). Ballinger, New York. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291165757_Entrepreneurship_Through_Social_Networks
  • Amit, R., y Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105
  • Andriotis, K. (2005). Seasonality in Crete: problem or a way of life? Tourism Economics, 11(2), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000054183478
  • Bakas, F.E. (2014). Tourism, female entrepreneurship and gender: crafting new economic realities in rural Greece (Doctoral dissertation). University of Otago.
  • Ballestero, P.T., Romero, P.A., y Serrano, L.G. (2014). Emprendimiento de la mujer en el ámbito rural: el turismo como motor de desarrollo. Esic market, 45(3), 553-604. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4939505
  • Barbieri, C., y Mshenga, P. (2008). The Role of the Firm and Owner Characteristics on the Performance of Agritourism Farms. Sociologia Ruralis, 48(2), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00450.x
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  • Bharathi, G.V., y Reddy, P.H. (2013). A study on rural women entrepreneurship in Vempalli Mandal, Kadapa District, A.P. India. African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure, 2(3). Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329963916_A_study_on_rural_women_entrepreneurship_in_Vempalli_Mandal_Kadapa_District_AP_India
  • Bock, B.B. (2004). Fitting in and Multi-tasking: Dutch Farm Women's Strategies in Rural Entrepreneurship. Sociologia Ruralis, 44(3), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2004.00274.x
  • Bowale, E.K., Longe, J.B., y Suaibu, O. (2014). Role of female entrepreneurs in poverty alleviation in rural communities: The case of Akoko north-east local government area in Ondo state, Nigeria. En Primorac, D., y Jovancai, A. Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings, 133-150. Recuperado de http://eprints.ugd.edu.mk/10875/1/The%20macroeconomic%20effects%20of%20remittances%20in%20southeast%20Europe.pdf#page=142
  • Brenes L., Hernández, V., Bermúdez, L., y Gómez, A. (2017). Estado de situación de las PYME en Costa Rica 2016. San José, Costa Rica: MEIC. Recuperado de http://reventazon.meic.go.cr/informacion/pyme/2017/informe.pdf
  • Brunet, I., y Alarcón, A. (2007). Mujeres emprendedoras en el marco del turismo rural. Revista de Gestión Pública y Privada, 12, 53-74. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3073067
  • Brush, C.G. (1992). Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, a New Perspective and Future Directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600401
  • Brush, C.G., y Chaganti, R. (1999). Businesses without glamour? an analysis of resources on performance by size and age in small service and retail firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 14(3), 233-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00103-1
  • Burgos, A., y Mertens, F. (2016). As redes de colaboração no turismo de base comunitária: implicações para a gestão participative. Tourism & Management Studies, 12(2), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2016.12203
  • Calderón, E.G. (2017). Turismo rural comunitario, agricultura familiar y desarrollo rural. Análisis de algunas experiencias en las áreas rurales de Costa Rica. Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, 247, 15-58. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6049811
  • Carro, R., y González, D. (2012). Productividad y Competitividad [Recurso de Aprendizaje]. Recuperado de http://nulan.mdp.edu.ar/1607/1/02_productividad_competitividad.pdf
  • Caves, R. (1980). Industrial Organization, Corporate Strategy and Structure. Journal of Economic Literature, 18(1), 64-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7138-8_16
  • Chavarría, C.R. (2009). Estudio sobre turismo rural en Costa Rica [Documento de Trabajo]. San José, Costa Rica: IICA. Recuperado de http://legacy.iica.int/Esp/organizacion/LTGC/agroturismo/Documentos Agroturismo/Forms/AllItems.aspx
  • Che, D., Veeck, A. y, Veeck, G. (2005). Sustaining production and strengthening the agritourism product: Linkages among Michigan agritourism destinations. Agriculture and Human Values, 22, 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-004-8282-0
  • Coleman, J. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943
  • Coleman, S. (2002). Characteristics and Borrowing Behavior of Small, Women-Owned Firms: Evidence from the 1998 Survey of Small Business Finances. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 151-166. Recuperado de https://search.proquest.com/docview/214233196?accountid=14475
  • Coleman, S. (2007). The role of human and financial capital in the profitability and growth of women-owned small firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(3), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00214.x
  • Cooper, A., Gimeno Gascón, F., y Woo, C. (1997). Initial Human and Financial Capital as Predictors of New Venture Performance. The Journal of Private Equity, 1(2), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2
  • Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.
  • De Vita, L., Mari, M., y Poggesi, S. (2014). Women entrepreneurs in and from developing countries: Evidences from the literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.009
  • Debrah, Y.A. (2007). Promoting the informal sector as a source of gainful employment in developing countries: insights from Ghana. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(6), 1063-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701321716
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A., Beck, T. y, Honohan, P. (2008). Finance for All? Policies and Pitfalls in Expanding Access. Washington, DC.: World Bank. Recuperado de https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/6905
  • Díaz, M.C., y Jiménez, JJ. (2010). Recursos y resultados de las pequeñas empresas: Nuevas perspectivas del efecto género. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 13(42), 151-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1138-5758(10)70006-2
  • Duarte, C.D., y Pereira, J.A.D. (2018). The role of women in rural tourism: a study in the Planaltina's Rajadinha circuit-Federal Districts. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, 12(3), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v12i3.1446
  • Fabowale, L., Orser, B., y Riding, A. (1995). Gender, Structural Factors, and Credit Terms Between Canadian Small Businesses and Financial Institutions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(4), 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900404
  • Fletschner, D., Anderson, C.L., y Cullen, A. (2010). Are women as likely to take risks and compete? Behavioural findings from central Vietnam. The Journal of Development Studies, 46(8), 1459-1479. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220381003706510
  • Fuentes, F.J., y Sánchez, S.M. (2010). Análisis del perfil emprendedor: una perspectiva de género. Estudios De Economía Aplicada, 28(3), 696-696. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3388507
  • Getz, D., y Carlsen, J. (2005). Family business in tourism: State of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.006
  • Gidarakou, I. (2015). Women's Entrepreneurship in Rural Greece. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(10), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740903037968
  • Grant, R.M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166664
  • Hall, R. (1992). The strategic analysis of intangible resources. Strategic Management Journal, 13(2), 135-144. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250130205
  • Hallak, R., Assaker, G., y Lee, C. (2015). Tourism entrepreneurship performance: The effects of place identity, self-efficacy, and gender. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513513170
  • Henry, C., Foss, L., y Ahl, H. (2015). Gender and entrepreneurship research: a review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614549779
  • Hernández, V., Madrigal, J., Rodríguez, J.A., y Brenes, L. (2008). Hacia el estado de las MIPYMES: Primer diagnóstico nacional de MIPYMES. San José, Costa Rica: UNED. Recuperado de http://omipymes.uned.ac.cr/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Cuadernillo-1-Primer-Diagnostico-Nacional-de-MIPYMES.pdf
  • Hill, C.W.L., y Jones, G.R. (2005). Administración estratégica: Un enfoque integrado. Bogotá, Colombia: McGraw-Hill.
  • Honig, B. (1998). What determines success? examining the human, financial, and social capital of jamaican microentrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(5), 371-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00036-0
  • Iakovidou, O., Koutsou, S., Partalidou, M., y Emmanouilidou, M. (2012). Women entrepreneurs in rural Greece: do they come from the same "neck of the woods"? Locals, daughters-in-law and urban-newcomers. New Medit, 11(2), 57-64. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3987626
  • Instituto Costarricense de Turismo. (2009). Anuario estadístico de turismo 2008. San José, Costa Rica: Unidad de Administración de la Información. Recuperado de https://www.ict.go.cr/es/documentos-institucionales/estad%C3%ADsticas/informes-estad%C3%ADsticos/anuarios/2005-2015/471-2008/file.html
  • Instituto Costarricense de Turismo. (2018a). Anuario estadístico de turismo 2017. San José, Costa Rica: Unidad de Administración de la Información. Recuperado de https://www.ict.go.cr/es/documentos-institucionales/estad%C3%ADsticas/informes-estad%C3%ADsticos/anuarios/2005-2015/1103-2017-1/file.html
  • Instituto Costarricense de Turismo. (2018b). Divisas por concepto de turismo. San José, Costa Rica: Planeamiento y Desarrollo Turístico. Recuperado de https://www.ict.go.cr/es/documentos-institucionales/estad%C3%ADsticas/cifras-econ%C3%B3micas/costa-rica/960-divisas-por-concepto-de-turismo/file.html
  • Instituto Costarricense de Turismo. (2018c). Principales actividades realizadas por los turistas. Recuperado de https://www.ict.go.cr/es/documentos-institucionales/estad%C3%ADsticas/cifras-tur%C3%ADsticas/actividades-realizadas/1115-2013-2017.html
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo. (2016). Manual de Clasificación Geográfica con Fines Estadísticos de Costa Rica. Recuperado de http://www.inec.go.cr/sites/default/files/documetos-biblioteca-virtual/meinstitucionalmcgfecr.pdf
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo. (2018). Empleo en las actividades asociadas con el sector turístico. Recuperado de https://www.ict.go.cr/es/documentos-institucionales/estad%C3%ADsticas/cifras-tur%C3%ADsticas/empleo-enaho-inec-ccss/869-inec-2013-2018/file.html
  • Jaafar, M., Rasoolimanesh, S., y Lonik, K. (2015). Tourism growth and entrepreneurship: Empirical analysis of development of rural highlands. Tourism Management Perspectives, (14), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.02.001
  • Jóhannesson, G.P., Skaptadóttir U.D., y Benediktsson K. (2003). Coping with social capital? The cultural economy of tourism. Sociologia Ruralis, 43(1), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00226
  • Knickel, K., y Renting, H. (2000). Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of multifunctionality and rural development. Sociologia ruralis, 40(4), 512-528. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00164
  • Koutsou, S., Notta, O., Samathrakis, V., y Partalidou, M. (2009). Women's entrepreneurship and rural tourism in Greece: Private enterprises and cooperatives. South European Society and Politics, 14(2), 191-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740903037968
  • Lebendiker, M., Herrera, R. y Velásquez, G. (2015). Reporte Nacional 2014: la situación del emprendimiento en Costa Rica, una perspectiva local sobre emprendimientos, retos y crecimientos en Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica: Asociación Incubadora Parquetec. Recuperado de https://www.gemconsortium.org/country-profile/53
  • Lerner, M., y Haber, S. (2001). Performance factors of small tourism ventures: The interface of tourism, entrepreneurship, and the environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 77-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00038-5
  • Ling, R.S.J., Wu, B., Park, J., Shu, H., y Morrison, A.M. (2013). Women's role in sustaining villages and rural tourism in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 634-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.07.009
  • Meyer, N., y Mostert, C. (2016). Perceived barriers and success factors of female entrepreneurs enrolled in an entrepreneurial programme. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, (8)1, 48-66. Recuperado de http://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/24513
  • Organización Mundial del Turismo. (2018). El turismo y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible - Buenas prácticas en las Américas. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419937
  • Parsheera, C.M., y Sood, J. (2011). Participation of women in rural tourism in Kullu, HP. Tourism Development Journal, 9(1), 102-111. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/2069448/Parsheera_C.M._and_Sood_J._2011_._Participation_of_women_in_rural_tourism_in_Kullu_HP._Tourism_Development_Journal_9_I_102-111
  • Pena, I. (2002). Intellectual capital and business start-up success. Journal of Intellectual Capital, l. 3(2), 180-198. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930210424761
  • Pérez, B., y Fuller, N. (2015). Turismo rural comunitario, género y desarrollo en comunidades campesinas e indígenas del sur del Perú. Quaderns de l'Institut Català d'Antropologia, (31), 95-119. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5590153
  • Powers, J., y Magnoni, B. (2010). Dueña de tu propia empresa: Identificación, análisis y superación de las limitaciones a las pequeñas empresas de las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe. Recuperado de https://publications.iadb.org/en/publication/13690/duena-de-tu-propia-empresa-identificacion-analisis-y-superacion-de-las
  • Priem, R.L., y Butler, J.E. (2001). Is the resource-based "view" a useful perspective for strategic management research? Academy of Management Review, 26(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4011928
  • Radović, G., y Radović-Marković, M. (2016). Significance of rural tourism for female entrepreneurship development in the Republic of Serbia. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 3-19. Recuperado de https://www.library.ien.bg.ac.rs/index.php/jwee/article/view/260
  • Ramírez, L. (2010). La informalidad y semiformalidad empresarial en Costa Rica: Un acercamiento desde la mirada de personas expertas, San José, Costa Rica: UNED. Recuperado de: http://investiga.uned.ac.cr/omipymes/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Cuadernillo-5-Informalidad-y-semiformalidad-en-Costa-Rica.pdf
  • Roberts, L. y Hall, D. (2001). Rural tourism and recreation: principles to Practise. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995403.0000
  • Saffu, K., Apori, S.O., Elijah-Mensah, A., y Ahumatah, J. (2008). The contribution of human capital and resource-based view to small- and medium-sized tourism venture performance in Ghana. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 3(3), 268-284. https://doi.org/10.1108/17468800810883684
  • Schmidt, C., Tomio, M., Demko Alves, J.K. y, Rossi, F. (2016). O empreendedorismo coletivo no contexto do turismo rural sustentável: Uma experiência do Sul do Brasil. Pasos, 14(5), 1161-1174. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.077
  • Shaw, E., Marlow, S., Lam, W., y Carter, S. (2009). Gender and entrepreneurial capital: Implications for firm performance. International. Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566260910942327
  • SOFA Team. (2011). Gender differences in assets. Working paper No. 11-12. Rome, Italy: Agricultural Development Economics Division, FAO. Recuperado de http://www.fao.org/3/a-am317e.pdf
  • Teece, D.J., Pisano, G., y Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal. 18(7), 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  • Tigges, L.M., y Green, G.P. (1994). Small business success among men- and women-owned firms in rural areas. Rural Sociology, 59(2), 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1994.tb00534.x
  • Tiwari, N., y Goel, G. (2017). Success factors of women owned micro and small enterprises in India. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. 31(4), 590-608. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2017.085424
  • Watson, J. (2003). Failure Rates for Female‐Controlled Businesses: Are They Any Different? Journal of Small Business Management, 41(3), 262-277. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627X.00081
  • Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  • World Bank. (2012). World Development Report 2012: Gender Equality and Development. Recuperado de https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4391