Programas educativos en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Revisión integradora

  1. Folch, Ana 1
  2. Orts-Cortés, María Isabel 2
  3. Hernández-Carcereny, Carmen 3
  4. Seijas-Babot, Nuria 3
  5. Macia-Soler, Loreto 2
  1. 1 Universitat Jaume I
    info

    Universitat Jaume I

    Castelló de la Plana, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02ws1xc11

  2. 2 Universitat d'Alacant
    info

    Universitat d'Alacant

    Alicante, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05t8bcz72

  3. 3 Hospital Clinic Barcelona
    info

    Hospital Clinic Barcelona

    Barcelona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02a2kzf50

Revista:
Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

ISSN: 1695-6141

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 16

Número: 1

Páginas: 537-555

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/EGLOBAL.16.1.249621 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Otras publicaciones en: Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

Resumen

Según la OMS, el objetivo de la educación terapéutica (ET) es ayudar al paciente a adquirir los recursos necesarios para gestionar óptimamente su vida con una enfermedad crónica. La ET forma parte del tratamiento en la prevención secundaria y terciaria. La última revisión de la Cochrane ha demostrado resultados positivos, sin embargo, la heterogeneidad de las poblaciones, tipo de intervenciones y medidas de resultado hace que sea difícil establecer recomendaciones claras en este ámbito. Así como se desconoce qué instrumentos son los recomendables para evaluar el cumplimiento terapéutico en la EPOC. Por tanto es necesario  realizar de una revisión  con el objetivo de conocer las características de los ensayos clínicos, el perfil del paciente EPOC, los contenidos de la ET y las variables estudiadas en los mismos. Identificándose 22 ensayos clínicos con una alta calidad metodológica, escala Jadad >3 que mostraron que en los ensayos clínicos de programas de ET las variables más estudiadas son la calidad de vida, ingresos hospitalarios y las variables de función pulmonar, donde la ET disminuye los ingresos hospitalarios, favorece la deshabituación tabáquica, mejora los conocimientos de la EPOC cuyas intervenciones son sesiones grupales, con diferentes materiales educativos, existiendo un auge en el número de publicaciones en este ámbito. Existe una gran variedad en los instrumentos de evaluación y heterogeneidad de las intervenciones, para establecer conclusiones.

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